Фибрилляция предсердий (ФП), являясь наиболее частым нарушением ритма сердца, часто выступает в роли предиктора серьезных сердечно-сосудистых расстройств. В первую очередь это касается тромбоэмболических осложнений, в частности мозгового инсульта, частота ко-торого у этой категории пациентов в несколько раз пре-вышает популяционную, особенно в старших возраст-ных группах. При этом удваивается риск смерти таких больных [1,2]. Одновременно при ФП увеличивается чис-ло случаев тромбоэмболии легочной артерии и остро-го коронарного синдрома, увеличивается скорость фор-мирования хронической сердечной недостаточности, значительно ухудшается качество жизни [3,4]. Цель. Изучение клинических форм фибрилляции предсердий (ФП), кардиоваскулярных факторов риска и сопутствующей патологии у этих больных, мониторинг ослож-нений и смертности при ФП, оценка качества диагностики и лечения этого нарушения ритма сердца в реальной амбулаторно-поликлинической практике. Материал и методы. Был составлен регистр больных ФП, посетивших одну из поликлиник г. Ярославля с 01 января по 31 декабря 2013 г. Оценивали качество об-следования больных с ФП в поликлинике. Мониторировали заболеваемость и смертность этих пациентов в течение 12 мес с помощью контактов с больными, их род-ственниками и лечащими врачами. Результаты. Типичного больного с ФП характеризуют: пожилой возраст, преимущественно постоянная форма мерцания и значительная отягощенность по кардиоваскулярной патологии. 12-месячное наблюдение за течением ФП у 212 больных демонстрирует высокую смертность и потребность в госпитализации по поводу сердечно-сосу-дистых заболеваний в этой группе. Их суммарное число составило 99 человек, т.е., 46,7% включенных в регистр пациентов. Заключение: Нерегулярность наблюдения и дефицит обследования больных с ФП может объяснять повышенные показатели смертности и частоты осложнений в этой группе больных. Aim. To study the clinical forms of atrial fibrillation (AF), cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities in these patients; to perform monitoring of complications and mortality in AF; to assess the quality of diagnosis and treatment of AF in real outpatient practice. Material and methods. The register of patients with AF, visited an outpatient clinic of Yaroslavl from 01 January to 31 December 2013, was created. Quality of AF patient examination in the outpatient clinic was assessed. Morbidity and mortality of these patients were monitoring during 12 months by the contacts with patients, their relatives and doctors in charge. АМБУЛАТОРНЫЙ ПАЦИЕНТ С ФИБРИЛЛЯЦИЕЙResults. The typical patient with AF has advanced age, mainly permanent AF and compromised history of cardiovascular diseases. 12-month monitoring of 212 outpatients with AF showed high mortality and the need for hospitalization due to cardiovascular diseases in this group. A total number of these patients was 99 or 46.7% of patients included into the register. Conclusion. The irregularity of observation and the lack of examination of patients with AF may be the reasons of the increased rates of m...
Aim. To assess in clinical practice the structure of multimorbidity, cardiovascular pharmacotherapy and outcomes in patients with a combination of atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic heart failure (CHF) based on prospective registries of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Materials and Methods. The data of 3795 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) were analyzed within the registries RECVASA (Ryazan), RECVASA FP (Moscow, Kursk, Tula, Yaroslavl), REGION-PO and REGION-LD (Ryazan), REGION-Moscow, REGATA (Ryazan). The comparison groups consisted of 3016 (79.5%) patients with AF in combination with CHF and 779 (29.5%) patients with AF without CHF. The duration of prospective observation is from 2 to 6 years.Results. Patients with a combination of AF and CHF (n=3016, age was 72.0±10.3 years; 41.8% of men) compared with patients with AF without CHF (n=779, age was 70.3±12.0 years; 43.5% of men) had a higher risk of thromboembolic complications (CHA2DS2-VASc – 4.68±1.59 and 3.10±1.50; p<0.001) and hemorrhagic complications (HAS-BLED – 1.59±0.77 and 1.33±0.76; p<0.05). Patients with a combination of AF and CHF significantly more often (p<0.001) than in the absence of CHF were diagnosed with arterial hypertension (93.9% and 83.8%), coronary heart disease (87.9% and 53,5%), myocardial infarction (28.4% and 14.0%), diabetes mellitus (22.4% and 7.7%), chronic kidney disease (24.8% and 16.2%), as well as respiratory diseases (20.1% and 15.3%; p=0.002). Patients with AF in the presence of CHF, compared with patients without CHF, were more often diagnosed with a permanent form of arrhythmia (49.3% and 32.9%; p<0.001) and less often paroxysmal (22.5% and 46.2%; p<0.001) form of arrhythmia. Ejection fraction ≤40% (9.3% and 1.2%; p<0.001), heart rate ≥90/min (23.7% and 19.3%; p=0.008) and blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg (59.9% and 52.2%; p<0.001) were recorded with AF in the presence of CHF more often than in the absence of CHF. The frequency of proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy was higher, albeit insufficient, in the presence of CHF (64.9%) than in the absence of it (56.1%), but anticoagulants were prescribed less frequently when AF and CHF were combined (38.8% and 49, 0%; p<0.001). The frequency of unreasonable prescription of antiplatelet agents instead of anticoagulants was 52.5% and 33.3% (p<0.001) in the combination of AF, CHF and coronary heart disease, as well as in the combination of AF with coronary heart disease but without CHF. Patients with AF and CHF during the observation period compared with those without CHF had higher mortality from all causes (37.6% and 30.3%; p=0.001), the frequency of non-fatal cerebral stroke (8.2% and 5.4%; p=0.032) and myocardial infarction (4.7% and 2.5%; p=0.036), hospitalizations for CVD (22.8% and 15.5%; p<0.001).Conclusion. Patients with a combination of AF and CHF, compared with the group of patients with AF without CHF, were older, had a higher risk of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications, they were more often diagnosed with other concomitant cardiovascular and chronic noncardiac diseases, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, tachysystole, failure to achieve the target blood pressure level in the presence of arterial hypertension. The frequency of prescribing proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy was higher, albeit insufficient, in the presence of CHF, while the frequency of prescribing anticoagulants was less. The incidence of mortality from all causes, the development of non-fatal myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke, as well as the incidence of hospitalizations for CVDs were higher in AF associated with CHF.
Aim. To study comorbidity, drug therapy and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) included in the outpatient and hospital RECVASA registries.Material and methods. Patients with AF (n=3169; age 70.9±10.7 years; 43.1% of men) in whom comorbidity, drug therapy, short-term and longterm outcomes (follow-up period from 2 to 6 years) were included in hospital registers RECVASA AF (Moscow, Kursk, Tula), as well as outpatient registers RECVASA (Ryazan) and RECVASA AF-Yaroslavl.Results. Outpatient registries (n=934), as compared to hospital registries (n=2235), had a higher average age of patients (73.4±10.9 vs 69.9±10.5; p<0.05), the proportion of women ( 66.2% vs 53.0%; p<0.0001) and patients with combination of 3-4 cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including AF (98.0% vs 81.7%, p<0.0001), and also with chronic noncardiac diseases (81.5% vs 63.5%, p<0.0001), the risk of thromboembolic complications (CHA2DS2-VASc 4.65±1.58 vs 4.15±1.71; p<0.05) and hemorrhagic complications (HAS-BLED 1.69±0.75 vs 1.41±0.77; p<0.05), as well as a lower frequency of prescribing appropriate pharmacotherapy for CVD (55.6% vs 74.6%, p<0.0001). During the observation period, 633 (20.0%) patients died, and in 61.8% of cases - from cardiovascular causes. The mortality rate in one year in Moscow was 3.7%, in Yaroslavl - 9.7%, in Ryazan - 10.7%, in Kursk - 12.5% (on average for four registers - 10.3%). A higher risk of death (1.5-2.7 times) was significantly associated with age, male sex, persistent AF, history of myocardial infarction (MI) and acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVE), diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive disease lungs (COPD), heart rate>80 bpm, systolic blood pressure <110 mm Hg, decreased hemoglobin level. A lower risk of death (1.2-2.4 times) was associated with the prescription of anticoagulants, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), betablockers, statins. The number of cases of stroke and MI was, respectively, 5.1 and 9.4 times less than the number of deaths from all causes. The higher risk of stroke in patients with AF during follow-up was significantly associated with female sex (risk ratio [RR]=1.61), permanent AF (RR=1.85), history of MI (RR=1.68) and ACVA (RR=2.69), HR>80 bpm (RR=1.50). Anticoagulant prescription in women was associated with a lower risk of ACVA (if adjusted for age: RR=0.54; p=0.04), in contrast to men (RR=1.11; p=0.79).Conclusion. The majority of patients with AF registries in 5 regions of Russia had a combination of three or more cardiovascular diseases (73.9%), as well as chronic non-cardiac diseases (68.8%). The frequency of proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy was insufficient (68.6%), especially at the outpatient stage (55.6%). Over the observation period (2-6 years), the average mortality per year was 10.3%, but at the same time it differed significantly in the regions (from 3.7% in Moscow to 9.7-12.5% in Yaroslavl, Ryazan and Kursk). Cardiovascular causes of deaths occurred in 62%. A higher risk of death (1.5-2.7 times) was associated with a history of stroke and MI, diabetes mellitus, COPD, heart rate>80 bpm, systolic blood pressure <110 mm Hg, decreased hemoglobin level. However, the risk of death decreased by 1.2-2.4 times in cases of prescription of anticoagulants, ACE inhibitors / ARBs, beta-blockers and statins. The risk of ACVA and MI was the highest in the presence of the history of this event (2.7 and 2.6 times, respectively). Anticoagulant prescription was significantly associated with a reduced risk of stroke in women.
Aim. Assess the structure of comorbid conditions, cardiovascular pharmacotherapy and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) included in the outpatient and hospital RECVASA registries.Materials and methods. 3169 patients with AF were enrolled in outpatient RECVASA (Ryazan), RECVASA AF-Yaroslavl registries and hospital RECVASA AF (Moscow, Kursk, Tula). 2497 (78.8%) registries of patients with AF had CAD and 703 (28.2%) of them had a previous myocardial infarction (MI).Results. There were 2,497 patients with a combination of AF and CAD (age was 72.2±9.9 years; 43.1% of men; CHA2DS2-VASc – 4.57±1.61 points; HAS-BLED – 1.60±0,75 points), and the group with AF without CAD included 672 patients (age was 66.0±12.3 years; 43.2% of men; CHA2DS2-VASc – 3.26±1.67 points; HAS-BLED – 1,11±0.74 points). Patients with CAD were on average 6.2 years older and had a higher risk of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications (p<0.05). 703 patients with a combination of AF and CAD had the previous myocardial infarction (MI; age was 72.3±9.5 years; 55.2% of men; CHA2DS2-VASc – 4.57±1.61; HAS-BLED – 1.65±0.76), and 1794 patients didn't have previous MI (age was 72.2±10.0 years; 38.4% of men; CHA2DS2-VASc – 4.30±1.50; HAS-BLED – 1.58±0.78). The proportion of men was 1.4 times higher among those with the previous MI. Patients with a combination of AF and CAD significantly more often (p <0.0001) than in the absence of CAD received a diagnosis of hypertension (93.8% and 78.6%), chronic heart failure (90.1% and 51.2%), diabetes mellitus (21.4% and 13.8%), chronic kidney disease (24.8% and 17.7%), as well as anemia (7.0% and 3.0%; p=0.001). Patients with and without the previous MI had the only significant difference in the form of a diabetes mellitus higher incidence having the previous MI (27% versus 19.2%, p=0.0008). The frequency of proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy was insufficient, mainly in the presence of CAD (67.8%) than in its absence (74.5%), especially the prescription of anticoagulants (39.1% and 66.2%; p <0.0001), as well as in the presence of the previous MI (63.3%) than in its absence (74.3%). The presence of CAD and, in particular, the previous MI, was significantly associated with a higher risk of death (risk ratio [RR]=1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] was 1.33-1.88; p <0.001 and RR=1.59; 95% CI was 1.33-1.90; p <0.001), as well as with a higher risk of developing a combined cardiovascular endpoint (RR=1.88; 95% CI was 1.17-3 , 00; p <0.001 and RR=1.75; 95% CI was 1.44-2.12; p<0.001, respectively).Conclusion. 78.8% of patients from AF registries in 5 regions of Russia were diagnosed with CAD, of which 28.2% had previously suffered myocardial infarction. Patients with a combination of AF and CAD more often than in the absence of CAD had hypertension, chronic heart failure, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and anemia. Patients with the previous MI had higher incidence of diabetes than those without the previous MI. The frequency of proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy was insufficient, and to a greater extent in the presence of CAD and the previous MI than in their absence. All-cause mortality was recorded in patients with a combination of AF and CAD more often than in the absence of CAD. All-cause mortality and the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction were higher in patients with AF and the previous MI than in those without the previous MI. The presence of CAD and, in particular, the previous MI, was significantly associated with a higher risk of death, as well as a higher risk of developing a combined cardiovascular endpoint.
1 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр профилактической медицины Россия, 101000, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10 2 Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова Россия, 390026, Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 9 3 Ярославский государственный медицинский университет Россия, 150000, Ярославль, Революционная ул., 5 4 Тульская областная клиническая больница. Россия, 300053, Тула, ул. Яблочкова, 1а 5 Городская больница №3 г. Тулы. Россия, 300910 Тула, ул. Пушкина, 17 6 Курский государственный медицинский университет. Россия, 305041, Курск, ул. Карла Маркса, 3 7 Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии Россия, 121552, Москва, ул. 3-я Черепковская, 15аЦель. В рамках регистров РЕКВАЗА оценить у больных с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) частоту назначения терапии оральными антикоагулянтами (ОАК) на амбулаторно-поликлиническом и госпитальном этапах и ее динамику в ходе длительного проспективного наблюдения. Материал и методы. В амбулаторные регистры РЕКВАЗА (Рязань) и РЕКВАЗА ФП-Ярославль, а также в госпитальные регистры РЕКВАЗА ФП (Москва, Курск, Тула) включено 3169 пациентов с ФП (возраст 70,9±10,7 лет, 43,1% мужчин), у которых оценена частота назначения ОАК на госпитальном и амбулаторном этапах, в т.ч., до госпитализации и в период отдаленного наблюдения от 2 до 6 лет. Результаты. ОАК были назначены лишь в 42,2% случаев (1335 пациентам из 3169, возраст 69,1±10,4 лет, 46% мужчин), в т.ч. варфарин -817 пациентам (26%) и новые оральные антикоагулянты (НОАК) -518 (16%). Частота назначения ОАК при постоянной и персистирующей формах ФП (43% и 40%) была ниже, чем при пароксизмальной (47,6%; p<0,05), несмотря на более высокий риск тромбоэмболических осложнений (ТЭО) по шкале СНА 2 DS 2 -VASc (4,69±1,66 и 4,23±1,57 по сравнению с 3,81±1,69; р<0,05). У пациентов с ФП при наличии и отсутствии перенесенного острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК) частота назначения ОАК статистически значимо не различалась (42,5% и 40%; p>0,05), что совершенно не обосновано по отношению к больным, перенесшим ОНМК, и имеющим больший риск ТЭО по шкале СНА 2 DS 2 -VASc (6,14±1,34 по сравнению с 3,77±1,39; р<0,001). По ретропроспективным данным выявлено, что ОАК наиболее часто назначались на госпитальном этапе (54,1%), т.е. в 2,3 раза выше, чем до госпитализации (23,8%), и в 4 раза выше, чем при включении в амбулаторные регистры (13,5%). Несмотря на снижение частоты назначения ОАК в 1,3 раза (до 41,2%) за 2,3±0,9 лет после выписки из стационара, данный показатель оставался выше в 1,8 раза, чем до госпитализации. В регистре РЕКВАЗА (Рязань) по данным опроса 384 выживших пациентов за 4 года наблюдения частота назначения ОАК возросла с 4,2% до 18,7% (в 4,4 раза), а по результатам анализа амбулаторных карт в случайной выборке 75 человек из 297 выживших за 6 лет наблюдения -с 5,3% до 22,7% (в 4,2 раза). Заключение. По данным регистров РЕКВАЗА и РЕКВАЗА ФП в 5 регионах Российской Федерации терапия ОАК назначалась больным с ФП недостаточно часто. Существенной дополнительной проблемой является т...
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