Dilation of left cardiac chambers offers a suitable terrain for thrombus formation. The high probability of LAA thrombosis should be kept in mind when designing the treatment strategy for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy at sinus rhythm.

Introduction: Atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is often associated with other atrial septal abnormalities, particularly with atrial septal defect type ostium secundum or patent foramen ovale. ECG signs of incomplete or complete right bundle branch block are known to be associated with atrial septal defects, however such correlation with other atrial septal abnormalities is not documented.

Right bundle branch block should serve as a valuable indicator to motivate a detailed search for interatrial septal abnormalities.

Interatrial septal disorders, which include: atrial septal defect, patent foramen ovale and atrial septal aneurysm, are frequent congenital anomalies found in adult patients. Early detection of these anomalies is important to prevent their hemodynamic and/or thromboembolic consequences. The aims of this study were: to assess the association between impulse conduction disorders and anomalies of interatrial septum; to determine the prevalence of different types of interatrial septum abnormalities; to assess anatomic, hemodynamic, and clinical consequences of interatrial septal pathologies. Fifty-three adult patients with impulse conduction disorders and patients without ECG changes but with signs of interatrial septal abnormalities, who were referred to our center for echocardiography, were included in a prospective transesophageal echocardiography study. Interatrial septal anomalies were detected in around 85% of the examined patients. Patent foramen ovale was encountered in 32% of the patients, and in combination with atrial septal aneurysm in an additional 11.3% of cases. Atrial septal aneurysm and atrial septal defect were diagnosed with equal frequency in 20.7% of our study population. Impulse conduction disorders were significantly more suggestive of interatrial septal anomalies than clinical signs and symptoms observed in our patients (84.91% vs 30.19%, P=0.002). Right bundle branch block was the most frequent impulse conduction disorder, found in 41 (77.36%) cases. We conclude that interatrial septal anomalies are highly associated with impulse conduction disorders, particularly with right bundle branch block. Impulse conduction disorders are more indicative of interatrial septal abnormalities in earlier stages than can be understood from the patient’s clinical condition.

Introduction: Tuberculous coronaritis is known to be a very rare phenomenon, although Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as some other infectious agents, may also act in the coronary vessels by activating the inflammatory mechanism of atherosclerosis. The association between active pulmonary tuberculosis and acute myocardial infarction has not been reported for around three and a half decades.

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Introduction:Atrioventricular septal defect with common atrioventricular junction is a rare adult congenital cardiac syndrome. This occurrence with prolonged survival is exceptionally rare.Case report:We present the case of a patient who presented with this defect with common atrioventricular junction who survived to the age of 32. We describe a 32-year-old man with atrioventricular septal defect with common atrioventricular junction guarded by a common valve. His history, clinical course, and anatomic findings are discussed along with the factors which may have contributed to his longevity, which is unique in the medical literature. His management reflected the state of medical knowledge at the time when he presented, and although alternate approaches may have been utilized if the patient presented today. We discuss the findings, frequency, classifi cation, and management of congenital defects. Development of embryonic structure is altered by interaction between genetics and environmental factors toward a rare associated of congenital cardiac defects-complex congenital heart disease.Conclusion:This case demonstrates that patients with very complex congenital cardiac disease may survive to adulthood, presenting challenges in both medical and surgical treatment.