No abstract

No abstract

Background: Decreased thyroid hormone synthesis and low levels of circulating thyroid hormones result in clinical and biochemical changes in hypothyroidism. As deficiency of thyroid hormones causes many metabolic processes to slow down, therefore; the maintenance of optimal health requires an adequate supply of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, and macronutrients, micronutrients, and trace elements.Objective: Study the effect of the changing in serum level of the trace elements; Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se in hypothyroid patient. Patients and Method: Thirty seven hypothyroid patients and fifteen normal healthy control persons were participated in this study. Serum zinc and copper were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. While determination of manganese and selenium were done using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Serum Zn and Se level were significantly decreased in hypothyroidism, while there was significant increase in serum Mn level as compared with control group. Furthermore there was no significant difference in serum Cu level between groups. Conclusion: the results of this study suggest that the metabolism of Zn, Mn, and Se is abnormal in hypothyroid patients.

There are scarce evidences about the effects of herbs on nitrogen species that induced nitrosative stress. We here investigated the effect of simple water distilled extract of dry leaves salvia officinalis (sage) and Ruta graveolens (Rue) on the nitric oxide (NO) -peroxynitrite (ONOO -) cycle biochemistry in vitro experiments. Aqueous extract of sage or rue (1%) were prepared by simple distillation and scanned by UV-visible spectrophotometer. Their effects were studied on the synthesized ONOOas well as their ability to generate ONOO. It is ability to donate NO or to scavange released NO by sodium nitroprusside (10 mM) also investigated. UV-visible scan of sage extract revealed the presence of peaks at λ195 and 348.5 while that of rue extract at λ 200, λ242, λ291.5. Both extracts not generate ONOOradical in form of nitrophenols. Rue extract increased the yield of prepared ONOOby more than five times. Rue extract donated NO and improved the release NO from sodium nitroprusside while sage extract only improved the release of NO released by sodium nitroprusside. We conclude that simple distilled -aqueous extract of rue and sage extracts improved nitric oxide bioavailability that may be helpful in coronary artery disease with nitrate tolerance.

BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic metabolic disease with an undetermined etiology. PE is a worldwide cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity, subdivided into early (EoPE) and late-onset (LoPE) according to 34 wk of gestation as a divider. Many researchers investigated biomarkers for predicting PE to halt its consequences on the feto-maternal outcome. Elabela (Ela) is a newly discovered peptide hormone that was implicated in PE pathogenesis. Earlier rodent studies discussed Ela’s role in controlling blood pressure. Moreover, Ela deficiency was associated with PE development. AIM To test whether plasma Ela could serve as a reliable marker for predicting PE based on the time of onset (EoPE vs LoPE) compared to age and body mass matched healthy controls since no definitive treatment exists for PE but to terminate a pregnancy. METHODS This case-control study recruited ( n = 90) pregnant who fulfilled inclusion criteria; they were allocated into three groups: EoPE (30/90) (< 34 wk of gestation); LoPE (30/90) (≥ 34 wk of gestation); and healthy pregnant (30/90). Demographic criteria; biochemical, hematological, and maternal plasma Ela levels were recorded for comparison. RESULTS Serum Ela was significantly reduced in EoPE compared to LoPE and healthy controls ( P = 0.0023). The correlation confirmed a strong inverse relationship with mean atrial blood pressure ( r = -0.7, P < 0.001), while gestational age and platelets count showed a moderate correlation with ( r = 0.4 with P < 0.0001). No correlation was confirmed between the body mass index (BMI) and urine albumin. The predictive ability of 25 centile serum Ela had an Odds ratio of 5.21, 95% confidence interval (1.28, 21.24), P = 0.02 for predicting EoPE. The receiver operator characteristic curve defined the Ela cutoff value at > 9.156 with 96.7% and 93.3% sensitivity and specificity, P < 0.0001 in predicting EoPE. CONCLUSION A strong correlation of serum Ela with PE parameters with excellent sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing EoPE independent of the BMI, age, and blood pressure which makes Ela a recommendable marker in screening. Further research is warranted to explore prognostic and therapeutic applications for Ela in PE.

Background: The role of serum zinc, and magnesium concentration activities in association with the Blood sugar level, and their link as biochemical marker risk for lens damage, inflammation, for the Retinal disease patients with diabetes beside lens replacement surgery, and in control individuals for both genders. Our purpose for the current study is to investigate serum concentration levels of blood sugar, zinc, and magnesium, as trace elements for patients with retinal diseases with diabetes in correlation with healthy subjects, and their effect on eye function, lens damage, inflammation, and bacterial or viral infections, or even undergo artificial intraocular lens surgery. Also to find a diagnostic prediction for blood sugar, magnesemia and zinc levels may induce causing diabetes retinopathy, cataract, or even glaucoma. Materials and methods: Total of forty six diabetic retinopathy patients their mean is (53.36±16.3), and thirty four healthy controls with mean of (49.91±21.72) have been studied. The age has non-significantly (P>0.05) differ in diabetic retinopathy patients (53.36±16.31 year) from normal subjects (49.91±21.72 year). Retinal disease patients are diagnosed on the basis of pathological condition into diabetic retinopathy patients. Results: Assessment, of serum zinc, and magnesium, and blood glucose levels were done for all groups. The concentricity of serum zinc levels are depressed, and non-significantly differ for diabetic retinopathy patients, higher in (33±19.48 ng/L with P= 0.122), from that of normal subjects. Whilst the level of magnesium was exhibited to be decreased for diabetic retinopathy patients, they showed (1.74±0.34 ng/L with P = 0.390) from that of normal subjects. Moreover, blood sugar levels are increased in diabetes than control (10.27±4.62 μmol/L versus 5.23±0.40 μmol/L with P = 0.0001). All parameters has are correlated non-significantly association with each other for diabetic retinopathy patients.

To assess the significance of platelet indices and the ratio of platelet to lymphocyte as an early prediction of patients with severity of Preeclampsia. Ninety women were enrolled in three groups: group I: (In=30) women diagnosed as non-severe preeclampsia, group II: (n=30) women diagnosed as severe preeclampsia, and group: III (n=30) age-matched normal pregnant women as a control group. The platelet parameters namely: platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (P/L ratio) were evaluated and compared among the study groups.Our findings showed a significant difference among the studied groups regarding the followings: body mass index BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at P-value < 0.05. Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width showed no significant differences between the study groups (P= 0.693 and 0.118, respectively). In all groups, highly decrease in platelet count (p = 0.01) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (p= 0.024) were found. The changes in the platelet indices are more evident in mothers with severe preeclampsia especially the ratio between platelet and lymphocyte. Thus, Platelet indices could be used as biomarkers for early prediction of preeclampsia seriousness.

It is plausible to assume that vitamins act as nitric oxide scavengers or donors like cobalamine derivatives. Therefore, this study aimed to screen the effect of folic acid, hydroxycobalamine and phytomenadione on nitrogen species. The effects of hydroxyl cobalamine, folic acid and phytomenadione were studied on the synthesized peroxynitrite as well as on their ability to generate peroxynitrite. It is ability to donate nitric oxide or to scavenge released nitric oxide by sodium nitroprusside (10mM) also investigated in vitro experimental model. Synthetic peroxynitrite was scavenged by folic acid, hydroxycobalamine and phytomenadione. Their effects varied with their concentrations. These vitamins per se failed to release nitric oxide while they improved the bioavailability of nitric oxide released by 10 mM sodium nitroprusside. The beneficial effects of folic acid and to less extent hydroxycobalamine and phytomenadione in improving the nitric oxide bioavailability raise the idea of using these substances as adjunct therapy in diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.