Mortality and recruitment rates were obtained for tree species over a 5.6 year period in a 1-ha fragment of secondary montane rain forest in Southeastern Brazil. All plants with a diameter at breast height (dbh) > or = 8 cm were sampled in 1989-1990 and 1995. There was an increase from 90 to 96 species, and 669 ind./ha to 749 ind./ha over the period. The mortality rate of 1.67%/yr was similar to findings for other forests, while recruitment of 3.46%/yr was the highest rate reported. Both mortality and recruitment were significantly higher in the smaller dbh classes. Recruitment was higher among rare species, and the relatively slow-growing species had significantly higher mortality rates. Differences between species dynamics were marked. Species with high values of lambda were mainly early successional and understorey trees but some understorey species also suffered a marked population decline. The classification system of species in response to light which divides understorey species into "partial shade-bearers" and "shade-bearers" groups showed to be the most suitable to the obtained results. The results suggest that this forest is undergoing a process of recovery from past disturbance.

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-(Richness of ingoldian and facultative aquatic fungi in Parque Municipal do Ibirapuera, São Paulo, Brazil). Ten samples of submerged mixed leaves were collected monthly from March 2007 to June 2009 on the margins of five sites in three lakesat Parque Municipal do Ibirapuera, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. Some abiotic variables were concomitantly measured. At the laboratory, the leaves were washed, fractionated into aliquots (1 cm 2 ), incubated in sterile distilled water for 30 days at 22 o C, and microscopically analysed. Twenty-seven fungal taxa were obtained, being 15 ingoldianand 12 facultatives, with predominance of Lunulospora curvula Ingold, Triscelophorus monosporus Ingold, Tripospermum myrtii (Lind.) S. J. Hughes, Anguillospora longissima (Sacc. et Syd.) Ingold, and Triscelophorus acuminatus Nawawi. ANOSIM analysis revealed that samples taken from several collection sites in different seasons presented more differences than collection sites sampled in the same season. The intense siltation of one sampling site, located immediately after a flotation unit, almost annihilates the improved abiotic conditions, encouraging careful monitoring to maintain the water quality at the entire park. 2 ), incubadas em água destilada esterilizada a 22 o C durante 30 dias e analisadas microscopicamente. Vinte e sete táxons de fungos foram obtidos, sendo 15 de fungos ingoldianos e 12 aquáticos facultativos, com predomínio de Lunulospora curvula Ingold, Triscelophorus monosporus Ingold, Tripospermum myrtii (Lind.) S. J. Hughes, Anguillospora longíssima (Sacc. et Syd.) Ingold e Triscelophorus acuminatus Nawawi. A análise ANOSIM revelou que amostras de locais de coleta em diferentes estações divergiram mais do que entre locais de coleta na mesma estação climática. O intenso assoreamento do local de coleta situado imediatamente após a unidade de flotação quase aniquilou a melhoria das condições abióticas, encorajando o monitoramento cuidadoso para manter a qualidade da água em todo parque. Palavras-chave: águas urbanas, fungos de águas continentais, micota aquática, reservatórios

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-(Structure and composition of an Atlantic Forest path in the "Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga", São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil). Structure and composition of a patch of Atlantic Forest in São Paulo plateau was studied in an area of 5 ha in 30 circular plots of 50 m 2 (3.99 m radius) at 5, 15 and 45 m from the edge, distributed in 10 plots by distance. Woody plants over 2.5 m in height were sampled. Myrtaceae and Lauraceae with 12 species and Rubiaceae with 11, were the richest families in species number. The fl oristic diversity (H') of the sampled area was 4.06. The main botanical families of the São Paulo plateau are represented in the sampled area and this site has an high diversity and species richness compared to other forest parts of the Great São Paulo City, although the high density of some pioneer species such as Alchornea sidifolia Müll. Arg. can show forest tracts disturbed by fragmentation. Management actions for conservation are suggested. Key words: diversity, forest fragments, urban forest RESUMO -(Estrutura e composição de um trecho de Mata Atlântica no Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brasil). A estrutura e composição de um trecho de Mata Atlântica no planalto paulista foi estudada em uma área de 5 ha em 30 parcelas circulares de 50 m 2 (3,99 m de raio) a 5, 15 e 45 m da borda, distribuídas em 10 parcelas por distância. Amostraram-se os indivíduos lenhosos com mais de 2,5 m de altura. Myrtaceae e Lauraceae, com 12 espécies e Rubiaceae com 11 foram as famílias mais ricas em espécies. A diversidade fl orística (H') da área amostrada foi 4,06. As principais famílias botânicas do planalto paulista estão bem representadas na amostra e a área apresenta alta diversidade e riqueza de espécies, quando comparadas a outros trechos fl orestais da Grande São Paulo, embora a alta densidade de algumas espécies pioneiras, como Alchornea sidifolia Müll. Arg., possa evidenciar trechos perturbados pela fragmentação. Ações de manejo

Biological diversity is directly affected by alien species, even though the diagnosed impacts vary with scale. Early identification of the invasion of natural patches is essential for effective conservation actions. We aimed to determine the exotic plant species present inside Fontes do Ipiranga State Park (PEFI), an urban protected area located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and their relative proportions of occurrence in the native forest. Our goal was to use these data to assess their invasion status according to specific literature and to define management priorities for them. Therefore, we surveyed the presence of exotic plants within the canopy layer and understory of three native forest areas with different levels of disturbance. We found ten exotic plant species. The species found in both strata (60 %) were considered non-dominant ruderal. We assessed the density:coverage ratio to try to distinguish groups of priority, and found Livistona chinensis, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, and Syzygium jambos to be classified as high priority for management. The early stage of the invasion process at PEFI indicates it is an area of high conservation value, and so we provide recommendations for management priorities prior to severe changes in the composition of the natural plant community.

RESUMO -(Estrutura e composição do componente arbóreo na Reserva Ecológica do Trabiju, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brasil). Este estudo examinou a composição, a estrutura e a distribuição do componente arbóreo de floresta montana em Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brasil. Todas as árvores com diâmetro do caule a 1,30 cm de altura do solo (DAP) ≥ 5 cm foram amostradas em dez parcelas de 10×25 m, entre 680 m e 805 m de altitude. Foram registradas 517 árvores em um total de 75 espécies, de 69 gêneros e 40 famílias de plantas vasculares. A estrutura de comunidade foi caracterizada pelo domínio de Euterpe edulis Mart. (51,26% do total de plantas), o que causou baixo índice de diversidade de Shannon (2.5910 nats). A estrutura da floresta apresentou alta densidade (2068 ind./ha) e área basal (44,36 m 2 /ha). Isto foi atribuído à maturidade da floresta, onde espécies secundárias apresentaram árvores de grande porte e ausência de indivíduos jovens. A composição de espécies variou continuamente ao longo dos 125 m de diferença altitudinal, como mostrado pela análise de agrupamento. A comparação com outros trechos de florestas por dados de presença × ausência mostrou que há maior semelhança com as florestas no Planalto Atlântico do leste e sul do Estado de São Paulo, sob clima mais úmido e temperaturas médias anuais mais baixas.Palavras-chave: Floresta Atlântica Montana, estrutura da vegetação, comunidade arbórea, fragmento florestal, floresta secundária ABSTRACT -(Structure of tree component in Reserva Ecológica do Trabijú, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo State, Brazil). This study examined composition, structure and distribution of tree component in the montane forest in Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. All trees with a trunk diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were sampled in ten 10×25 m plots stablished between 680 m and 805 m a.s.l. were recorded 517 trees. A total of 75 species, 69 genera on 40 families of vascular plants ocurred in the plots. The community structure was characterized by dominance of Euterpe edulis Mart. (51,26% of total plants), which caused a low Shannon diversity index (2,5910 nats). The forest strucutre was characterized by a high density (2,068 ind./ha) and basal area (44,36 m 2 /ha). This was atributed to the forest maturity, where secondary species ocurred with great trees and young individuals were absent. Species compositon varied continuously with altitude over a 125 m range, as shown by a cluster analysis. The comparison with others forest areas by use of presence × abscense data showed a higher similarity with Planalto Atlântico forests under wettest and lower mean anual temperature in the east and south of São Paulo State.