RESUMO -Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento de mudas de baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) em vasos, sob três níveis de sombreamento e quatro classes texturais do solo, no período de março a outubro de 2010, em Campo Grande-MS. os tratamentos consistiram em 0%, 30% e 50% de sombreamento e solos de textura arenosa, média, argilosa e muito argilosa. o delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com medidas repetidas no tempo. Foram utilizadas três repetições e dez plantas por subparcela. os níveis de sombreamento corresponderam aos tratamentos, e as diferentes classes texturais do solo, aos subtratamentos. As plantas foram avaliadas em intervalos de 15 dias após a emergência (DAE) até 195 DAE, sendo avaliadas quanto à altura (cm) de plantas, número de folhas e diâmetro do coleto (mm). Aos 195 DAE, também foram avaliadas a percentagem de sobrevivência, a área foliar e a massa seca de folha, caule e das raízes das plantas. Sob sombreamento, foram observados maiores valores de altura e área foliar. A altura de plantas foi de 32,09 cm e 31,21 cm planta -1 , e a área foliar foi de 639,24 cm² e 580,49 cm² planta -1 para os níveis de sombreamento de 50% e 30%, respectivamente. No solo de textura argilosa, os valores foram superiores na maioria das características avaliadas, seguido do solo com textura muito argilosa. A maior produção de massa seca de folha foi no solo com textura argilosa, com média de 7,28 g planta -1. A percentagem de sobrevivência das mudas no solo com textura arenosa foi inferior aos demais. Houve interação entre níveis de sombreamento e classes texturais do solo na massa seca de raízes, que foi maior (1,43 g kg -1 de solo) no solo de textura muito argilosa, no nível de 50% de sombreamento. As mudas de baru atingiram medidas de altura e diâmetro de coleto adequadas em todos os níveis de sombreamento e classes texturais do solo. Termos para indexação: planta nativa, Cerrado, substrato. PRODUCTION OF BARU (DipteryxalataVog.) SEEDLINGS UNDER THREE LEVELS OF SHADING AND FOUR TEXTURAL CLASSES OF SOILABSTRACT -It was evaluated the development of "Baru" seedlings (DipteryxalataVog.) in pots under three levels of shading and four textural classes, from March to october 2010, in Campo Grande-MS. Treatments consisted of 0%, 30% and 50% levels of shade and sandy, medium clay and heavy clay soil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots with repeated measures. It was used three replicates of ten plants per plot. The shading levels corresponded to the treatments and the different textural classes to the subplot. Plant height, leaf number and stem diameter were evaluated 15 days after emergence (DAE) to 195 DAE. Survival rate, leaf area and dry mass of the leaf, the stem and the roots were also estimated at 195 DAE. Higher values were observed in height and leaf area under shading condition. Plant height was 32.09 cm and 31.21 cm plant -1 , leaf area was 639.24 cm ² and 580.49 cm² for 50% and 30% shade levels respectively. In clay soil the values were higher in most traits fo...
RESUMO -Foi conduzido um experimento em Latossolo de Cerrado visando testar a combinação de níveis de saturação por bases (20, 40, 60 e 80%), doses de fósforo (0, 80, 160 e 240 kg/ha de P 2 O 5 ) e nitrogênio (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg/ha) no estabelecimento de capim-massai. Foram avaliados o acúmulo de massa seca verde (MSV) da forrageira, as características químicas do solo, as concentrações foliares de macronutrientes, os teores de proteína bruta (PB) e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica (DIVMO). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados no esquema fatorial fracionário (1/2)4 3 , com duas repetições e quatro blocos. Foram realizados dois cortes em aproximadamente 200 dias. O acúmulo de MSV respondeu principalmente ao fósforo (P) e, em segundo lugar, à saturação por bases. Não houve resposta significativa ao nitrogênio (N). A dose de P 2 O 5 para o máximo acúmulo de MSV foi de 237 kg/ha e a dose econômica, de 185 kg/ha, com saturação por bases no solo de 39%. A fertilidade do solo aumentou com o acréscimo de saturação por bases e P. As concentrações foliares de P, Ca e Mg elevaram-se com o aumento dos níveis de saturação por bases e P e a concentração de N aumentou com a adubação nitrogenada e com o incremento da saturação por bases. A fração folha correspondeu a 77,50% da MSV e apresentou valores adequados de DIVMO e PB, que aumentaram significativamente com o aumento da adubação nitrogenada e da saturação por bases. Palavras-chave: folhas diagnósticas, latossolo, massa seca verde, Panicum maximumForage accumulation and plant and soil characteristics according to soil base saturation, rates of phosphorus and nitrogen in the establishment of massaigrass ABSTRACT -It was carried out an experiment to test four levels of soil base saturation (20, 40, 60, and 80%), four rates of phosphorus (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg/ha of P 2 O 5 ) and four rates of nitrogen (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) during the phase of establishment of Panicum maximum cv Massai, in an Oxisol of Brazilian Cerrado. The experimental design was a randomized uncompleted block, in fractionated factorial type (1/2)4 3 , with four blocks and two replications. Two cuts along 200 days were performed. The evaluated aspects were green dry matter yield (GDM), soil fertility changes, concentration of macronutrients in diagnostic leaves, crude protein (CP) concentration and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). It was verified that GDM yield responded mainly to phosphorus (P) fertilization and, in second place, to soil base saturation (V). The nitrogen (N) did not present significant effect in GDM yield. The P rate for highest physical yield was 237 kg/ha and the economical rate was 185 kg/ha, both in 39% of V in the soil. Soil fertility improved with the V and P increment. The concentration of macronutrients in diagnostic leaves increased with the increment of V, P, and N. It was verified high percentage of leaves in GDM and suitable IVOMD and CP concentration in the GDM of leaves. IVOMD and CP increased significantly with N fertilizatio...
Soil acidity and lack of nitrogen fertilization limit the yield of forage grasses. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of lime (0 kg ha-1; 2,000 kg ha-1; 4,000 kg ha-1; and 8,000 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1 and 160 kg ha-1) doses on forage accumulation, soil chemical properties and macronutrient concentrations in leaf blades of Massai grass (Panicum maximum cv. Massai). A randomized blocks design in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, with four replications, was used. Lime and nitrogen doses positively affected the accumulation of green dry mass in the Massai grass as well as the base saturation in the soil. The maximum yield was obtained at nitrogen doses close to 587 kg ha-1 year-1 for nitrogen and 5,796 kg ha-1 for lime, which produced the greatest accumulation of green dry mass (15,267 kg ha-1 year-1) in the first year of assessment. The demand for lime increased from the first to the second year. Lime increased the base saturation, whereas nitrogen reduced it. The nitrogen applied to the soil raised the nitrogen, magnesium and calcium contents (g kg-1) in the leaf blades of Massai grass. Thus, Massai grass reacted positively to nitrogen and lime doses, with significant effects on the accumulation of green dry mass and soil characteristics assessed.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., Salvador, v.14, n.
RESUMO -OBerg. sob três condições de sombreamento e seis substratos. Os tratamentos foram três níveis de sombreamento (0%, 30% e 50% de sombra) e seis substratos [100% de solo Latossolo Vermelho distrófico textura argilosa -LVd (ta); 100% de solo de Latossolo Vermelho distrófico textura média LVd (tm); 75% de LVd (ta) + 15% de areia + 10% de cama de frango semidecomposta -LVd (ta) + CF; 75% de LVd(tm) + 15% de areia + 10 % de cama de frango semidecomposta -LVd (tm) + CF; 75% de LVd(ta) + 15% de areia + 10 % Organosuper® -LVd (ta) + OR; 75% de LVd (tm) + 15% de areia + 10% de Organosuper® -LVd (tm) + OR]. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, arranjado em parcelas subdivididas com medidas repetidas no tempo. Foram utilizadas três repetições e dez plantas por subparcela. Os níveis de sombreamento interferiram do desenvolvimento das mudas nas características de diâmetro do coleto (maior sob sol), área foliar (maior sob 50% de sombra) e massa seca de raízes (maior sob sol). Considerando o desenvolvimento da parte aérea das mudas, a observação de que sob sol pleno há necessidade de utilização de maior volume de irrigação e que houve menor sobrevivência de plantas, considera-se o nível de sombreamento de 50% como mais adequado para produção de mudas de guavira. Dos substratos testados, o LVd (ta) foi considerado o mais adequado ao desenvolvimento das mudas pela percentagem de plantas vivas (95,55%) sem diferir do LVd (tm) (98,88%), maior altura de plantas observada no desenvolvimento e na altura final, maior massa seca de raízes, diferindo estatisticamente dos demais substratos e maior IQD (2,62), sem diferir de LVd (tm) (1,50). Termos para indexação: Plantas nativas, Myrtaceae, plantas medicinais. SEEDLING GROwTH OF Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg (guavira), UNDER THREE LEVELS OF SHADE AND SUBSTRATESABSTRACT -The experiment was conducted in Campo Grande -MS from March 2008 to January 2009. The objective was to evaluate the development of seedlings of Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg. under three conditions of shading and six substrates. Treatments were three levels of shading ( 0 % , 30 % and 50 % shade ) and six substrates [ 100 % Oxisol soil clayey -LVd ( ta ) ; 100 % Oxisol soil medium texture LVd ( tm ), 75 % of LVd ( ta ) + 15 % + 10 % sand bed -of -semi-decomposed chicken -LVd ( ta ) + CF , 75 % LVd ( tm ) + 15 % + 10 % sand bed -from -semi-decomposed chicken -LVd ( tm ) + CF , 75 % LVd ( ta ) + 15 % sand + 10 % Organosuper® -LVd ( ta ) + OR , 75 % LVd ( tm ) + 15 % sand + 10% Organosuper® -LVd ( tm ) + OR ] . The experimental design was random blocks, arranged in a split-plot with repeated measures. There were three replicates and ten plants per subplot. The shading levels interfered in plant growth characteristics of the stem diameter (greater under the sun), leaf area (greater under 50 % shade) and dry weight of roots (higher under the sun). Considering the development of the seedlings, the observation that under full sun, there is the need to use higher volume irrigation a...
-The objective was to evaluate the use of woody legumes (Albizia lebbeck, Cratylia argentea, Dipteryx Allata (Baru), a Leucaena hybrid (L. leucocephala + L. diversifolia), and Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham) and herbaceous legumes (Arachis pintoi) intercropped with Panicum maximum cv. Massai, simultaneously implanted in a maize crop. The study made use of a randomized block experimental design with four replications. Assessments of biomass accumulation and forage nutritional value were made after the maize harvest, between June 2008 and October 2010. It was found that the residues of maize provided better growing conditions for Massai grass during the dry season. L. leucocephala cv. Cunningham and the Leucaena hybrid had the highest accumulation of all forage legumes evaluated, and provided the best nutritional value of all the arrangements tested. Of all woody legumes tested in this system, Leucaena was considered feasible for intercropping with Massai grass. The intercrop of perennial woody Baru with maize is not recommended. Albizia lebbeck and Cratylia argentea require further study, especially the yield assessment at different cutting intervals and cutting heights. Arachis pintoi had a low participation in the intercropping, showing greater performance over time, indicating slow thriving in this experimental condition.
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