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It has been documented that exogenously administered irisin (10 fibronectin-type III domain-containing 5 [FNDC5]), which is a new polypeptide hormone, induces the browning of subcutaneous fat and thermogenesis. In this study, effects of physical activity and exogenous administration of irisin were investigated on parameters related with reproduction and metabolism in the high-fat diet-induced obesity model of the female C57BL/6J mice. Sixty mice were gathered at age approximately 5 to 6weeks and were divided into 3 groups. Control group remained sedentary. Irisin group remained also sedentary but intravenously received 10 FNDC5-expressing adenovirus after 20 weeks. Exercise group performed treadmill after 6 weeks. All mice were sacrificed 22 to 23 weeks after the start of the study. There was a significantly greater Δ weight in the controls compared with the irisin and exercise groups ( P < .05). Glucose and insulin levels were significantly higher in the controls ( P < .05). The serum irisin level was significantly higher in the exercise group ( P < .05). Serum luteinizing hormone levels were significantly increased in the irisin group ( P < .05). Serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels were significantly higher in irisin and exercise groups ( P < .05). There were significant negative correlations between serum irisin levels and Δ weight and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance ( r = -0.327, r = -0.297, respectively; P < .05 for both). The numbers of primordial follicles per ovary were similar ( P > .05), whereas primary and secondary follicles per ovary were higher in the irisin and exercise groups compared with controls ( P < .05). Pharmacologic introduction of irisin may improve metabolic factors such as insulin sensitivity and obesity by promoting weight loss and consequently improving the reproductive potential.

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Our study aimed to determine the effects of losartan and PD123319 in ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in isolated perfused rat heart. The study used 40 male Wistar albino rats that were grouped as Control, IR, and IR treatment groups that received losartan (20 mg/kg), PD123319 (20 mg/kg), and losartan+PD123319. The hearts were attached to Langendorff isolated heart system by employing in situ cannulation method, and cardiodynamic parameters were recorded during the experiment. At the end of experiment, hearts were retained for biochemical analysis and all data were statistically evaluated. A partial recovery of cardiodynamic parameters was observed in all treatment groups. A significant increase in oxidative stress parameters were seen in the IR group, whereas all treatment groups exhibited lower increase. Furthermore, levels of all antioxidant parameters were significantly lower in the IR group, but higher in the treatment groups. Effects on all parameters were much more remarkable in the PD123319 group. Levels of angiotensin II and renin were increased (P < 0.001) with IR application and decreased (P < 0.001) with the treatment of both antagonists. In conclusion, treatment of losartan and PD123319 played a cardioprotective role against IR injury, PD123319 being more effective in this protection.

Background/Aim: This study was designed to provide further evidence for the interactions between hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and nitric oxide (NO) in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Materials and Methods: Rat hearts were studied with the Langendorff technique using the H 2 S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 40 μM) and the cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH or CSE) inhibitor DLpropargylglycine (PAG, 1 mM). NO synthase inhibitor L-NGnitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 30 mg/kg, 7 days) was administered before the isolation. The hearts were homogenized for biochemical and molecular analysis. Results: NaHS reversed I/R-induced cardiac performance impairment, increased tissue nitric oxide production and decreased tissue markers for cardiac injury, while L-NAME inhibited these effects. The expression of CTH was increased with PAG, which was suppressed by L-NAME. Conclusion: H 2 S and NO increase each other's production suggesting their interaction and cooperation in cardioprotection against I/R injury. Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), in the order of their discovery, are gasotransmitters, a term that refers to a gaseous transmitter, and was first coined by Wang (1). All are endogenously produced small signaling molecules with low molecular weight (NO, 30 Da; CO, 28 Da; H 2 S, 34 Da). Because they are small gaseous molecules, they reach easily their intracellular targets to activate them, by diffusing freely across the plasma membrane. They play a pivotal roles in the control of many physiological functions, including regulation of cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, excretory, immune, and reproductive systems (2-5). Of these three gaseous transmitters, H 2 S that was first introduced as a metabolic product in mammals by the American biochemist Vincent Du Vigneaud, has gained much attention in recent years due to its involvement in the above-mentioned physiological functions (2, 6, 7). It is endogenously synthesized in most mammalian tissues from L-cysteine and/or L-homocysteine by cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH or CSE), and cysteine aminotransferase together with 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (2, 4, 8). Heart failure, the major health issue in the world and the leading cause of deaths, is a complicated disease caused by 2507 This article is freely accessible online.

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of two different transport temperature (37°C vs 4°C) and cold storage of ovaries for 24 h on cumulus cell apoptosis and maturation rates of cat oocytes in vitro. Ovaries were collected from 15 ovariohysterectomized domestic cats and maintained and transported to the laboratory in phosphate buffer saline at 37°C and 4°C. In order to determine the effects of storing time, some ovaries transported at 4°C were stored at the same temperature for 24 h. Selected cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured for 48 h at 38°C in four-well petri dishes containing 500 μL of modified oviduct medium (mSOF) under mineral oil in a 5% CO2 incubator with nearly 100% humidified. The morphological features of apoptosis were analysed in the cumulus cells at the beginning of in vitro maturation in both transporting temperature groups and after 24 h of cold stored group. The degree of apoptosis in cumulus cells were measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The IVM rates of oocytes were determined using Hoechst (33342) staining. Although the apoptotic morphological features were seen rarely and in similar rates in 37 and 4°C transporting groups (19.40 and 21.55%, P>0.001), it was seen more intensely in the 24 h cold stored group (34.80%, P<0.001). The IVM findings were similar (49.77, 44.55%) at 37°C and 4°C groups (P>0.05), and importantly lower at 4°C transporting and 24 h cold stored groups (18.90%, P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that (I) cumulus cells of cat oocytes are partially exposed to apoptosis during transportation at warm or cold temperature, (II) storing of ovaries for 24 h at 4°C causes apoptosis of the cumulus cells at much higher rates and (III) storing of ovaries for 24 h at 4°C affects negatively IVM rate of oocytes. Keywords: Cat, Ovary, Transport temperature, Oocyte, Cumulus, Apoptosis Kedi Oositlerinin In Vitro Olgunlaştırılması ve Kumulus Hücrelerinin Apoptoz Oranları Üzerine, Ovaryum Taşıma ve Saklama Sıcaklığının Etkisi ÖzÇalışmanın amacı, ovaryumların iki farklı sıcaklıkta (37°C ve 4°C) taşınma ve soğukta 24 saat bekletilmenin kumulus hücrelerindeki apoptoza ve kedi oositlerinin in vitro olgunlaşma oranları (IVM) üzerine etkilerini incelemektir. Kısırlaştırılmış 15 kediden ovaryumlar alındı ve yarısı 37°C, diğer yarısı da 4°C'de olmak üzere, fosfat tampon tuzlu solüsyonunda (PBS) laboratuara taşındı. Soğukta bekletmenin etkilerini belirlemek içinse, 4°C 'de taşınan ovaryumların yarısı, aynı sıcaklıkta olmak üzere 24 saat bekletildi. Seçilen kumulus oosit kompleksleri (COCs), %100'e yakın nemin sağlandığı %5 CO2'li inkübatörde mineral yağ altındaki 500 μL modifiye Sentetik Ovidukt Medyumu (mSOF) içeren dört gözlü petrilerde olmak üzere 38°C'de 48 saat süreyle olgunlaştırıldı. Apoptozun etkileri, hem iki farklı taşıma grubunda, hem de soğukta 24 saat bekletilen grupta olmak üzere in vitro olgunlaşmanın hemen öncesinde kumulus hücrelerinde test edildi. Apoptosis derecesi...

In this study, the protective effect of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) against 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (PNMC) toxicity in rat testes was investigated with an experimental period of five days. Fifty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into seven experimental groups and a control (n:7). One group received only Noni. Testicular tissue injury of six experimental groups was induced by subcutaneous injection of PNMC at three different doses (1, 10 and 100 mg/kg) and three received Noni treatment (2 ml per rat by gavage). On day six all rats were sacrificed and then blood samples and testis tissues were collected. Serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels were assessed. Testicular tissues were evaluated histomorphometrically in terms of tubular diameter, seminiferous epithelium density, luminal space and interstitial tissue and immunohistochemically labelled with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) markers to assess oxidative damage. Histomorphometrically, most severe tissue injury was observed in the group of 10 mg/kg PNMC. Tissue injury improved significantly in its corresponding treatment group (with Noni). iNOS and eNOS levels increased in all PNMC groups and decreased with Noni treatments. Noni was most effective in the group of 100mg/kg PNMC in terms of oxidative damage. Serum hormone levels revealed no significant results. In conclusion, Noni reduced PNMC-induced tissue injury in rat testes. Rat, Noni, Testes, iNOS, eNOS Keywords: Sıçan Testisinde 3-Metil-4-Nitrofenol İle Oluşturulan Hasara Karşı Morinda citrifolia (Noni)'nın Koruyucu Etkisi ÖzetBu çalışmada beş günlük deneysel bir periyotla Morinda citrifolia (Noni)'nın sıçan testislerinde 3-metil 4-nitrofenol (PNMC) toksisitesine karşı koruyucu etkisi araştırıldı. Ellialtı adet yetişkin erkek Sprague-Dawley sıçanı eşit sayıda yedi deneysel, bir kontrol grubuna ayrıldı (n:7). Bir gruba sadece Noni uygulandı. Altı deneysel grupta testiste doku hasarı farklı dozlarda (1, 10 and 100 mg/kg) subkutan PNMC enjeksiyonu ile indüklendi ve üç gruba Noni tedavisi uygulandı (her sıçan için 2ml gavaj ile). Altıncı günde tüm sıçanlar sakrifiye edilerek kan ve testis doku örnekleri toplandı. Serum testosteron, FSH ve LH seviyeleri değerlendirildi. Testis dokuları, tubuler çap, seminifer epitel yoğunluğu, lumen aralığı ve interstisyel doku açısından histomorfometrik olarak incelendi ve oksitatif hasarı değerlendirmek üzere indüklenebilir nitrik oksit sentaz (iNOS) ve endotelyal nitrik oksit sentaz (eNOS) belirteçleri ile immunohistokimyasal olarak işaretlendi. Histomorfometrik olarak en şiddetli doku hasarı 10 mg/kg'lık PNMC grubunda gözlendi. Doku hasarı bu gruba karşılık gelen tedavi (Noni ile) grubunda anlamlı ölçüde iyileşti. iNOS ve eNOS düzeyleri tüm PNMC gruplarında yükseldi ve Noni tedavisi ile aynı değerler düşüş gösterdi. Noni'nin oksidatif hasar bakımından en çok 100mg/kg'lık PNMC grubunda etkin olduğu izlendi. Serum hormon değerleri anlamlı sonuçlar vermedi. Sonuç olarak, Noni, sıçan testislerinde PNM...

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