Arcobacter anaerophilus sp. nov., isolated from an estuarine sediment and emended description of the genus Arcobacter Two strains (JC83, JC84 T ) of obligately anaerobic, H 2 S-producing bacteria were isolated from estuarine sediment samples collected from Gangasagar, West Bengal, India. Cells were Gramstain-negative, non-motile rods. Both strains were positive for oxidase, negative for catalase, hydrolysed casein, reduced nitrate and utilized citrate. Both strains grew chemoorganoheterotrophically with optimal pH of 7-8 (range 7-10) and at 30 6C (range 25-37 6C). C 16 : 1 v7c, C 18 : 1 v7c, C 16 : 0 and C 12 : 0 were the major fatty acids of both strains with minor amounts of C 14 : 0 , C 12 : 0 3-OH and C 18 : 0 . Polar lipids of both strains included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid (AL2), an unidentified phospholipid (PL2) and an unidentified lipid (L3). MK-6 was the major respiratory quinone. The DNA G+C content of strains JC83 and JC84 T was 25.0 and 24.6 mol%, respectively. The strains showed DNA reassociation .85 % (86.0±0.5 %) (based on DNA-DNA hybridization). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, both strains were identified as belonging to the family Campylobacteraceae of the class Epsilonproteobacteria with Arcobacter marinus CL-S1 T (95.4 % sequence similarity) as their closest phylogenetic neighbour. On the basis of morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as phylogenetic analysis, strains JC83 and JC84 T are considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Arcobacter anaerophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC84 T (5KCTC 15071 T 5MTCC 10956 T 5DSM 24636 T ). An emended description of the genus Arcobacter is provided.

Zooshikella marina sp. nov. a cycloprodigiosinand prodigiosin-producing marine bacterium isolated from beach sand

A green phototrophic bacterium (strain JA737 T ), which was oval-to rod-shaped, Gram-negative and motile, was isolated from mud of a stream in the Western Ghats of India. Strain JA737 T contained bacteriochlorophyll a, and the major carotenoid was neurosporene. The major quinone was Q-10 and the polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain clustered with members of the genus Rhodobacter belonging to the family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JA737 T had highest sequence similarity with Rhodobacter capsulatus ATCC 11166 T (98.8 %), Rhodobacter maris JA276 T (97 %), Rhodobacter aestuarii JA296 T (96.7 %) and other members of the genus Rhodobacter (,96 %). However, strain JA737 T showed 22-55 % DNA-DNA relatedness with the above type strains. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular genetic evidence, strain JA737 T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodobacter, for which the name Rhodobacter viridis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA737 T (5KCTC 15167 T 5MTCC 11105 T 5NBRC 108864 T ).

Descriptions ofT , JA447 and JA490) of red to reddish brown pigmented, rod-shaped, motile and budding phototrophic bacteria were isolated from soil and freshwater sediment samples from different geographical regions of India. All strains contained bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. The major cellular fatty acid of strains JA310 T and JA531 T was C 18 : 1 v7c, the quinone was Q-10 and polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an aminohopanoid and an unidentified aminolipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that all strains clustered with species of the genus Rhodopseudomonas in the class Alphaproteobacteria. Strains JA531 T , JA447 and JA490 were genotypically (.80 % related based on DNA-DNA hybridization) and phenotypically closely related to each other and the three strains were distinct from strain JA310 T (33 % related). Furthermore, all four strains had less than 48 % relatedness (DNA-DNA hybridization) with type strains of members of the genus Rhodopseudomonas, i.e. Rhodopseudomonas palustris ATCC 17001 T

An electrogenic bacterium was isolated from a marine coral, designated as strain JC435 and its taxonomic status examined by using a polyphasic approach. Results from the 16S rRNA gene sequence study showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Rhodococcus and formed a cluster with Rhodococcus ruber KCTC 9806 (99.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Rhodococcus aetherivorans JCM 14343 (99.3 %), respectively. Genome relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization to the type strains of closest-related species was less than 30 % and the ΔTm of >7 °C, suggesting that strain represents a new species of the genus Rhodococcus. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C18 : 010-methyl and C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c. The polar lipids of strain JC435 were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol, three unknown phospholipids and an unknown amino lipid. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8(H2), with 8 % of MK-7(H2) and 2 % of MK-9(H2) as minor components. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic diamino acid and sugars. Mycolic acids were detected. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC435 was 69.8 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic genotypic, physiological and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain JC435 is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus for which the name Rhodococcuselectrodiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC435 (=KCTC 39856=LMG 29881=MCC 3659).