Arcobacter anaerophilus sp. nov., isolated from an estuarine sediment and emended description of the genus Arcobacter

Abstract

Arcobacter anaerophilus sp. nov., isolated from an estuarine sediment and emended description of the genus Arcobacter Two strains (JC83, JC84 T ) of obligately anaerobic, H 2 S-producing bacteria were isolated from estuarine sediment samples collected from Gangasagar, West Bengal, India. Cells were Gramstain-negative, non-motile rods. Both strains were positive for oxidase, negative for catalase, hydrolysed casein, reduced nitrate and utilized citrate. Both strains grew chemoorganoheterotrophically with optimal pH of 7-8 (range 7-10) and at 30 6C (range 25-37 6C). C 16 : 1 v7c, C 18 : 1 v7c, C 16 : 0 and C 12 : 0 were the major fatty acids of both strains with minor amounts of C 14 : 0 , C 12 : 0 3-OH and C 18 : 0 . Polar lipids of both strains included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid (AL2), an unidentified phospholipid (PL2) and an unidentified lipid (L3). MK-6 was the major respiratory quinone. The DNA G+C content of strains JC83 and JC84 T was 25.0 and 24.6 mol%, respectively. The strains showed DNA reassociation .85 % (86.0±0.5 %) (based on DNA-DNA hybridization). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, both strains were identified as belonging to the family Campylobacteraceae of the class Epsilonproteobacteria with Arcobacter marinus CL-S1 T (95.4 % sequence similarity) as their closest phylogenetic neighbour. On the basis of morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as phylogenetic analysis, strains JC83 and JC84 T are considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Arcobacter anaerophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC84 T (5KCTC 15071 T 5MTCC 10956 T 5DSM 24636 T ). An emended description of the genus Arcobacter is provided.

Minimal standards for describing new species belonging to the families Campylobacteraceae and Helicobacteraceae: Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Helicobacter and Wolinella spp.

“…Most Arcobacter spp. demonstrate the ability to grow under aerobic conditions (A. anaerophilus is an exception as an obligate anaerobe) [16], but all arcobacters to date can grow at [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] C. Most species produce oxidase (undetected in C. gracilis and in some strains of C. showae [17]) and, in conventional laboratory testing for oxidation and/or fermentation of glucose, (e.g. [18]), do not demonstrate the ability to ferment or oxidise carbohydrates.…”

“…may be associated with the oral environment and/or the enteric or reproductive tracts of host animals; some Arcobacter spp. are free-living [4,5,16].…”

Higher Water Temperature and Incubation under Aerobic and Microaerobic Conditions Increase the Recovery and Diversity of Arcobacter spp. from Shellfish

“…However, it might also be due to the fact that the number of arcobacters in the enrichment broth is below the detection limit of the m-PCR method, i.e., from 10 2 to 10 3 CFU g Ϫ1 (14), although no quantitative culturing was carried out in order to confirm this hypothesis. It should be remembered that this m-PCR method was originally designed to detect only the species A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirrowii, and cross-reactions of these species with other nontargeted species have been observed (4,18). However, the detection limit for those nontargeted species is unknown.…”

“…he genus Arcobacter, which belongs to the class Epsilonproteobacteria and to the family Campylobacteraceae, currently includes 18 characterized species (1)(2)(3)(4). Some species, particularly Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii, are considered emerging enteropathogens to humans and animals (2,3).…”

Presence of Arcobacter species in pet cats and dogs in the Czech Republic

“…Recently, however, these species have also very often been found in samples from wastewater (Gonzalez and Ferrus 2011;Hausdorf et al 2013) and marine environments (A. marinus, A. molluscorum, A. mytili, A. ellisii, A. bivalviorum, and A. venerupis) (Fera et al 2004;Collado et al 2009;Levican et al 2012;Levican et al 2013). Other representatives include A. defluvii from sewage water (Collado et al 2010), A. nitrofigilis and A. halophilus from salt marshes (Levican et al 2012), and the newly classified A. cloacae, A. suis (Levican et al 2013), and A. anaerophilus (Jyothsna et al 2013).…”