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Green tea is characterized by the presence of an abundance of polyphenolic compounds, also known as catechins, including epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). In addition to being a popular beverage, tea consumption has been suggested as a mean of chemoprevention. However, its mode of action is unclear. It was discovered that tea catechins can react with cytochrome c. When oxidized cytochrome c was mixed with catechins commonly found in green tea under non-steady-state conditions, a reduction of cytochrome c was observed. The reaction rate of the catechins was dependent on the pH and the nature of the catechin. The pseudo-first order rate constant obtained increased in the order of EC < ECG < EGC < EGCG, which is consistent with previously reported superoxide reduction activities and Cu2+ reduction activities of tea catechins.

AGRONOMIA (AGRONOMY) RESUMO: Aplicações sucessivas de dejetos suínos no solo podem promover aumento dos teores dos atributos químicos do solo, com ênfase naqueles presentes nos agregados biogênicos. Objetivou-se quantificar os teores de carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio total (NT), pH, Al, Ca, Mg, P e K, nos agregados biogênicos e fisiogênicos do solo sob áreas com aplicação de dejetos líquidos de suínos (DLS) e cama sobreposta de suínos (CSS). Após 10 anos do uso de dejetos suínos em sistema plantio direto com a sucessão aveia preta/milho, coletaram-se amostras indeformadas de solo nas camadas de 0-5 e 5-10 cm, nos tratamentos sem dejetos (testemunha), com aplicação de DLS e CSS em doses equivalentes a uma e duas vezes a recomendação de N para o milho e aveia (DLS1X, DLS2X, CSS1X e CSS2X, respectivamente). Os agregados foram separados conforme a via de formação em biogênicos e fisiogênicos, sendo posteriormente feitas as análises químicas. A aplicação de CSS aumentou os teores de COT e NT em relação à testemunha e as áreas com DLS, que não se diferenciaram entre si. O uso de DLS aumentou os teores Ca (0-10 cm), K (DLS1X para 0-10 cm) e P (5-10 cm), e não alterou os teores de Mg e NT, em relação à testemunha; enquanto o uso de CSS aumentou o Mg (0-5 cm), Ca, N, P e K (0-10 cm) quando comparado aos DLS e à testemunha. Os agregados biogênicos favorecem o aumento de N, P, K, Mg e COT em relação aos fisiogênicos. Palavras-chave: cama sobreposta de suínos; dejetos líquidos de suínos; fertilidade do solo; gênese dos agregados; sistema plantio direto Chemical attributes in biogenic and physicogenic aggregates of soil submitted to swine manure application ABSTRACT: Successive applications of swine manure in soil can promote increases of contents of soil chemical attributes, with emphasis on those present in the biogenic aggregates. The objective of this study was to quantify total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, Al, Ca, Mg, P and K, in the biogenic and physicogenic aggregates of the soil under areas with pig slurry (PS)) and deep litter (DL). After 10 years of use of swine manure in no-tillage system with black oat/maize succession, undisturbed soil samples were collected in the 0-5 and 5-10 cm layers, in the treatments without wastes (control), with application of PS and DL in doses equivalent to one and two times the recommended N for corn and oats (PS1X, PS2X, DL1X and DL2X, respectively). The aggregates were separated according to the biogenic and physicogenic formation pathway, and the chemical analyzes were performed. The application of DL increased the TOC and TN contents in relation to the control and the areas with PS, which did not differentiate between them. The use of PS increased the Ca (0-10 cm), K (PS1X to 0-10 cm) and P (5-10 cm) contents, and did not alter the Mg and TN contents, relative to the control; while the use of DL increased the Mg (0-5 cm), Ca, N, P and K (0-10 cm) when compared to the PS and the control. The biogenic aggregates favor the increase of N, P, K, Mg and TOC in...

Oxidative stress produced by adjuvant treatments is associated with cell injury; however, a healthy diet can help mitigate it. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between diet quality and oxidative stress parameters in women subjected to adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. The sample comprised 70 women. Oxidative stress biomarkers and diet quality parameters based on the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index—Revised (BHEI-R)—were evaluated at baseline (p0) and after adjuvant treatment (p1). Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) was associated with diet quality at p0. BHEI-R scores were not different between p0 and p1; however, scores from total vegetables, total fruits, milk and dairy products, and meat, eggs and legumes were lower during treatment. On the other hand, lower sodium and saturated fat intake observed at p1 counterbalanced the BHEI-R score. Oxidative stress parameters have increased at p1, but they were not associated with diet quality; thus, changes in component intake were not enough to promote changes in oxidative stress during treatment. It appears that diet can enhance patients’ antioxidant defense before treatment, which could lead to better outcomes in the long term. Further investigations may help to clarify the association between diet and oxidative stress in women with breast cancer.