The results of monitoring and analysis of production and organisational indicators of more than 50 farms have been presented, identifying the main elements that characterise them. There have been covered the main principles of forming the system of technology parameters, the directions of minimizing the determining conditions that negatively affect the production process. It has been explained that enlargement of farms with 50-100 cows considerably raises the technological level of milk production and storage. There were determined the parameters of technological and technical solutions of the enterprises with the number of cows from 50 to 120 heads. There were determined limits of parameters limitation, produced energy efficiency was evaluated and modelled on the example of minimal size (50 cows with annual productivity from 7000 kg to 9000 kg of milk per head). The structure of energy intensity of production was calculated by types - milk, live weight of culled animals, gain of breeding animals received brood. The energy intensity of excrement and litter has been taken into account. It was calculated that the highest proportion in the structure of the energy content of products appropriate for feeding belongs to the energy content of milk produced - 85.7-88.6 %, and since it was the most influential factor in the coefficients of energy efficiency of the main and general products, the functional correlations of the energy content of products and fat were determined. The influence of changes in qualitative indicators of other types of products on energy consumption in production was calculated namely fatness of culled cattle and animals from which growth was obtained. The functional determined correlations allow us to form the key elements of the cattle breeding production system interrelations, taking into account the peculiarities of a particular system of parameters, determine the energy efficiency of technological processes, and influence effectively the use of all kinds of resources.
The work aimed to develop advanced technology in dairy cattle breeding using robotic milking of cows for the production of high-quality milk and dairy raw materials. The research was conducted on an array of low-capacity enterprises, including farms of the NAAS Network (annual production of up to 20 thousand tons of milk). The possibility of a modular increase in the use of individual elements of robotic milking technology during its extension is analyzed and the main standard size is determined – 100-150 cows. An array of statistical and empirical data is processed, individual elements of the phenomenon under study are studied in detail on the example of specific objects, and parameters of milk production under certain conditions are developed and determined. The theoretical and methodological basis was official materials of the statistics department, legislative and regulatory acts of state authorities on the development of the agro-industrial complex, works of domestic and foreign scientists on the development of the agricultural sector. Determination of the rational level of the number of cattle, dairy productivity of cows and production parameters of the farm when using robotic cow milking technology is carried out based on monitoring the possibilities of using milking equipment (robot) in the conditions of various technological solutions. The rational technology of keeping cows and the level of their productivity – 7.5-8.0 thousand kg of milk per year-are justified, and the limits of the required average costs for a farm using robotic milking are determined. By certain parameters, the rational structure of the herd and its total number are justified. These indicators made it possible to establish the parameters of feed production and feed supply for the milk production enterprise by the established level of cow productivity, as well as to calculate the natural indicators of resource consumption and the required level of investment. In particular, the total demand for feed with the insurance fund is 20.9 thousand C of feed units., including mixed feed – 9.3 thousand centers of feed units. (of these, grain is 8.0 thousand centers of feed units), juicy-3.6 thousand C feed units., rough-5.0 thousand rubles. C feed units., green-2.6 thousand C feed units., animals – 0.4 thousand centers of feed. units. The total annual amount of revenue from the sale of dairy cattle products is 9072 thousand UAH. with the specified total cost of milk and beef in live weight, the total profit can be 3249 thousand UAH per year. Under these conditions, the level of profitability of dairy cattle production is 55.8 %.
The article considers the ways of reducing the formation of greenhouse gases and ammonia in the digestive tract of lactating cows. Reduction of emissions is based on increasing the absorption of nutrients by animals due to the use of our specialized additive that rumen escape proteinand starch protected from disintegration in the rumen. The effect of increasing the absorption of nutrients was confirmed in an experiment on fistula animals. It was found that feeding the developed supplement led to some changes in the digestibility of dietary nutrients. In the rumen, the digestibility of crude protein decreased from 6.52 ± 10.047 % to –15.62 ± 3.047 % and crude fat - from 13.49 ± 10.545 % to 1.33 ± 9.611 %, that indicates an increase in microbial synthesis; and the digestibility of crude fiber and nitrogen-free extractives increased from 73.98 ± 6.995 % to 77.82 ± 8.920 % and from 71.29 ± 5.629 % to 80.71 ± 8.878 %, respectively. Tests of the developed additive under production conditions were also carried out. The productivity of experimental cows directly depended on the level of introduction of the additive TEP-mix to the diet. Along with the increase in milk yield of experimental animals, there was a pronounced trend of increasing fat content and protein content in milk, which indicated a significant improvement in protein and energy nutrition in experimental cows. It was found that during the experiment the milk yield of cows probably increased by 7-137 %. The use of the supplement provided lengthening of the lactation peak plateau and lactation curve from 52 to 61 - 65 days, or 22-25 %. There was also a positive effect of the supplement on the prevention of the syndrome of weight loss of cows; there was a reduction in its losses during the first 100 days of lactation by more than 22-27%. Increasing the nutrient uptake of nutrients by cows provided an equivalent reduction in greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions. It was found that when using the additive TEP-mix in feeding lactating cows (feeding 1 kg of additive TEP-mix instead of 1 kg of standard feed) productivity increases by 2.15 kg of milk and reduces emissions of carbon dioxide by 522.54 ± 13.41 g and ammonia per 41 ± 0.13 g per day.
The article provides the substantiation of strategic guidelines for the formation of rational sizes of agrarian enterprises of dairy direction of specialization in the context of the increase of economic efficiency of their activity. There are denoted the main elements of conceptual and categorical apparatus of research of the size, scale, specialization and concentration of production in agrarian enterprises. It is determined, that the size of the agrarian enterprise of the dairy direction is a complex characteristic of its productive potential, which reflects by means of the system of parameters of the land tenure area and the number of the agricultural animals the possibilities of the enterprise to achieve certain results of milk production and its intensification at the preservation of the spatial characteristics of the enterprise. There have been studied the peculiarities of formation and functioning of the organizational-economic mechanism of managing the size of agrarian enterprises of the dairy direction. There has been grounded the methodical approach to changing the size of agrarian milk producing enterprises. There has been estimated the dynamics of levels of specialization, concentration and economic efficiency of milk production and sale in agrarian enterprises. There have been revealed the tendencies of attracting the instruments of rationalization of the production structure and the sizes of the milk producing enterprises. It substantiates the directions of development of economic potential of agrarian enterprises of dairy specialization. There have been defined the peculiarities and limits of the usage of integration instruments of rationalization of the size of agrarian milk producing enterprises. It determines the strategic guidelines for stabilization of the dairy cattle breeding sector in the present conditions and identifies the exclusive importance of the field fodder production as a catalyst for the sector development. It has been established that the key strategic guidelines for the development of dairy cattle breeding in agrarian enterprises should be the prevention of land degradation in the use of agricultural holdings, multinational companies and large land users with the introduction of appropriate regulatory measures; observance of food security of the country by balancing domestic production by stimulating Russian cattle breeding; development of export potential and reduction of import dependence of the domestic market. Keywords: dairy farming, field fodder production, specialization, concentration, strategic management, mechanism.
In the article, the results of experience are exposed on fattening of rams 11-12 monthly age with application energy – protein addition ТЕP-mix. Studies were undertaken in the conditions of experimental economy of Institute of Animal Science NAAS by the method of the control fattening during 60 days with by the next coalface of animals and estimation of the chemical composition of mutton. It is set that feeding to the rams in composition a basic ration 0.10-0.15 kg/ in the day of addition of ТЕP -mix with solubility оf protein in the scar of ruminant 31 percent provided the increase of intensity of height of animals from 46.8 to 48.2 percents to the control group that got the mixed fodder - concentrate.For a period of experience, there is a middle living mass of rams of control group ipercentncreased on 18,1percent, while in experience accordingly - on 27.6 and 27.9 percent. A clear tendency is set to the height of content in the blood of rams of experience groups of general albumen on 3.5-6.5 percent against control (at his maintenance within the limits of the norm). Thus this index appeared the greatest for animals that got ТЕP-mix in an amount of 0.15 kg/ on a 1 animal in the day. Mass of pair carcass in ІІ and ІІІ experience groups felt strongly higher about control on 9.6 and 12.4 percent accordingly. Studies of the chemical composition of average samples of lamb meat have shown a clear trend to increase the dry matter content in the carcasses of animals of the control group - by 1.91 and 3.33 absolute percent. It is noteworthy that the advantage of this indicator of lambs in the control group is due solely to the higher content of mass fraction of fat in the dry matter of meat - 2.49 and 4.45 absolute percent against peers of groups II and III. The meat of lambs of both experimental groups is characterized by the optimal ratio between the content of mass fractions of protein and fat, while in the control group the content of mass fraction of fat prevails.
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