Simunek J., Eva Hegerova, Jaroslava Klimeliova and Radka Zavadilova: Effect of Sulphadimidine on the Toxicity of Phenobarbital in Cockerels of Different Ages. Acta vet. Brno, 54,1985 : 183-187. Acute toxicity (LD50) of phenobarbital sodium salt administered intramuscularly alone and after premedication with sulphadimidine sodium salt (in i. m. doses of 0.2 gjkg body mass) given 15 or 120 minutes before phenobarbital administration was determined in cockerels aged 7,28 and 49 days.The acute toxicity of phenobarbital decreased with increasing age of the birds. Sulphadimidine premedication did not affect the acute phenobarbital toxicity in 7-day-old cockerels and increased it in 28-and 59-day-old birds, compared to their non-premedicated counterparts, particularly when given 15 minutes before phenobarbital administration. In 28-day-old cockerels this rise in toxicity was significant.Observations for signs of depression within 24 hours of phenobarbital administration showed differences between the birds of the three different ages. The signs were most intense in the oldest birds and particularly in those premedicated with sulphadimidine 15 minutes before phenobarbital administration.Gallus domesticus, LD50 of phenobarbital, sulphadimidine premedication, age-dependence.
Schanzel H., E. Hegerova, B. Koudela, V. Lohr: Activity of Creatine-Phosphokinase in the Course of Experimental Trichinellosis. Acta vet. Brno, 47, 1978: 91-95.Activity of serum cteatine-phosphokinase has been determined at different intervals after experimental infestation of mice and guinea pigs by larvae of Trichinella spiralis. Blood samples were treated by Bio-La-test kreatinkinaza Lachema, measurements w¢re performed on the spectrophotometer UV VIS at 400 nm wavelength. Intensity of parasitic infestation was estimated by the number of larvae in 1 g of muscle tissue.No significant difference from control values was found in infested animals at any stage of trichinellosis. Determination of CPK activity seems not to be convenient for intravital detection of trichinellosis. Guinea pigs, mice, serum CPK, muscle.Determination of activity of plasmatic creatine-phosphokinase developed to a favourite method for investigation of various myositic processes in man and animals. It not only became a routine method for diagnostics of heart attack -Pojer a. o. (1963), Gerber (1965), Ninger (1968, but, it has been studied in connection with muscular dystrophy and other neuromuscular disorders -Okineka and Kumagai (1961) Considering the role of creatine-phosphokinase in physiology and pathology of the muscle, we took it for justified to investigate whether changes in CPK activity would occur in consequence of migration and settlement of larvae of Trichinella spiralis. Prior to the trial, physiological values for CPK activity were to be determined in mice and guinea pigs, since the two species were intended to be used for infestation - Schanzel and Hegerova (1978). Numerous interactions between host and larva of T. spiralis have been known for long. According to Borchert (1954), the attacked muscle shows decrease in total nitrogen, creatine, purine bases, and increase in water, lactic acid, volatile fatty acids, ammonia and products of muscle decay. An enzymatic response by increased phosphatase activity has been demonstrated by Schanzel and Holman (1966). Material and MethodsA total of 160 mice and 19 guinea pigs were infested by viable larvae of Trichinella spiralis, obtained by digestion method from experimentally infested rats. Approximately 200 larvae were administered orally to each mouse and about 1000 larvae to each guinea pig. Successively, 10 in-
Simunek J., Eva Hegerov3, J. Jaros and E. Tkadlec: Effects of Sulphadimi4ine on the Toxicity of Phenobarbital, Pentetrazole and Bemegride in Mice of Different Ages. Acta vet. Br~o, 54,1985: 177-182. Acute toxicity of phenobarbital sodium salt and of injection solutions of bemegride and pentetrazole administered subcutaneously alone and after premedication with sulphadimidine sodium salt at 0.2 g/kg body mass was determined in conventionally read white mice of 12-16 and 22-27 g respectively, in body mass. The toxicity , of phenobarbital alone was higher for the younger mice, whereas that of the two analeptics of the central nervous system (CNS) was lower for the younger than for the older animals. Premedication with sulphadimidine increased the toxicity of all the drugs under study, having a particularly marked effect in the younger mice. Acute toxicity, phenobarbital, bemegride,pentetrazole, sulphadimidine premedication, mice, age-dependence.A previous study from our laboratory (Simunek et al. 1985) was concerned with the effects of sulphadimidine premedication on the acute toxicity of phenobarbital in cockerels of different ages. The impetus to the study was possible simultaneous action of the two pharmaceuticals in flocks where SedophenR, a drug containing phenobarbital, is used to tranquilize chickens and sulphadimidine is used therapeutically, e. g. to combat coccidiosis. Considering the differences in the response to drugs between birds and mammals, the present study was designed to investigate this possible interaction with regard to acute toxicity in white mice This time the experiments were extended to cover possible effects of sulphadimidine premedication on the acute toxicity of two central analeptics, pentetrazole and bemegride.No published data were available to us for direct comparison, particularly as regards the ontogenetic point of view. Nevertheless, it is well established that phenobarbital,like other barbiturates, plays a major role in changing the effects of concurrently administered drugs by affecting the enzyme systems of the body. Thus a number of clinically important interactions have been described. Kvetina and Fendrich (1978), e. g., mentioned the potentiation of the action of the CNS irihibitors; reduced effects of anticoagulants, corticosteroids (glucocorticoids) and riphampicine as a result of enzyme induction; reduced effects of griseofulvine as a result of both enzyme induction and reduced gastrointestinal absorption; and the observation that antacids reduce gastrointestinal absorption of orally administered phenobarbital. Krishna and Bonanomi (1974) described erihanced binding of chloramphenicol to macromolecules of various tissues of phenobarbital--premedicated rats. Dunajev et al., in a long-term experiment with rats given a phenobarbital solution (1g per 1) instead of drinking water, demonstrated the activation of hepatocyte enzymes.According to Skovsted et al. (1974) sulphonamides can prolong the action of other drugs presumably by retarding their metabolism in the ...
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