Root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., have major economic impact on coffee production in Central and South America. Genetic control of RKN constitutes an essential part for integrated pest management strategy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of Coffea canephora genotypes (clones) to Meloidogyne spp. Sensitive and drought-tolerant coffee genotypes were used to infer their resistance using nematode reproduction factor and histopathology. Eight clonal genotypes were highly resistant to M. paranaensis. 'Clone 14' (drought-tolerant) and 'ESN2010-04' were the only genotypes highly resistant and moderately resistant, respectively, to both M. incognita races 3 and 1. Several clones were highly resistant to both avirulent and virulent M. exigua. Clone 14 and ESN2010-04 showed multiple resistance to major RKNs tested. Roots of 'clone 14' (resistant) and 'clone 22' (susceptible) were histologically studied against infection by M. incognita race 3 and M. paranaensis. Reduction of juvenile (J2) penetration in clone 14 was first seen at 2 to 6 days after inoculation (DAI). Apparent early hypersensitive reaction (HR) was seen in root cortex between 4 and 6 DAI, which led to cell death and prevention of some nematode development. At 12 to 20 DAI, giant cells formed in the vascular cylinder, besides normal development into J3/J4. From 32 to 45 DAI, giant cells were completely degenerated. Late, intense HR and cell death were frequently observed around young females and giant cells reported for the first time in coffee pathosystem. These results provide rational bases for future studies, including prospection, characterization, and expression profiling of genomic loci involved in both drought tolerance and resistance to multiple RKN species.

Mudanças climáticas e ilhas de calor urbanas | 7 ApresentaçãoO presente e-book busca contribuir para a discussão do fenômeno das Ilhas de Calor Urbanas (ICU's) no cenário nacional, utilizando, como pano de fundo, estudos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores da Universidade de Brasília com apoio da Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal -FAP-DF pelo edital 06/2017. Dado o processo de urbanização acelerado e concentrado, é de fundamental importância colocar em pauta os impactos advindos das ICU's, tanto no meio acadêmico quanto no universo dos tomadores de decisão que modificam a paisagem urbana constantementepolíticos, empresários e a sociedade organizada.

Two greenhouse experiments were carried out to characterize the resistance or susceptibility reactions of 52 species of plants to Meloidogyne ethiopica and their possible adverse effect on nematode population under greenhouse conditions. Tested plants with Reproduction Factor less than one (RF<1.0) were rated as non-hosts or resistant, including: peanut (Arachis hypogaea) 'Cavalo Vermelho', forage pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan) 'IAPAR 43'and 'PPI 832', Crotalaria grantiana, C. apioclice, C. spectabilis, dwarf velvet bean (Mucuna deeringiana), castor bean (Ricinus communis) 'IAC 80', sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 'SARA', cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) 'Espace 10' and 'Australian', black oat (Avena strigosa) 'IAPAR' 61', ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) 'Italian', forage radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus) IPR116' and rye (Secale cereale) 'IPR 69'. The first 11 are summer plants and the last four winter plants. The other 37 species/cultivars tested were good hosts or susceptible. Some crop succession systems alternating summer and winter non-host plants are suggested for field experiments to validate these greenhouse results.

Abstract.Water availability for a range of human uses will increasingly be affected by climate change, especially in the arid and semiarid tropics. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the infrastructure sufficiency in meeting water demand under climate-induced socio-hydrological transition in the Capibaribe River basin (CRB). The basin has experienced spatial and sectoral (agriculture-to-urban) reconfiguration of water demands. Human settlements that were once dispersed, relying on intermittent sources of surface water, are now larger and more spatially concentrated, which increases water-scarcity effects. Based on the application of linked hydrologic and water-resources models using precipitation and temperature projections of the IPCC SRES (Special Report: Emissions Scenarios) A1B scenario, a reduction in rainfall of 26.0 % translated to streamflow reduction of 60.0 %. We used simulations from four members of the HadCM3 (UK Met Office Hadley Centre) perturbed physics ensemble, in which a single model structure is used and perturbations are introduced to the physical parameterization schemes in the model (Chou et al., 2012). We considered that the change of the water availability in the basin in the future scenarios must drive the water management and the development of adaptation strategies that will manage the water demand. Several adaptive responses are considered, including water-loss reductions, wastewater collection and reuse, and rainwater collection cisterns, which together have potential to reduce future water demand by 23.0 %. This study demonstrates the vulnerabilities of the infrastructure system during socio-hydrological transition in response to hydroclimatic and demand variabilities in the CRB and also indicates the differential spatial impacts and vulnerability of multiple uses of water to changes over time. The simulations showed that the measures proposed and the water from interbasin transfer project of the São Francisco River had a positive impact over the water supply in the basin, mainly for human use. Industry and irrigation will suffer impact unless other measures are implemented for demand control.

Abstract. Water availability for a range of human uses will increasingly be affected by climate change especially in the arid and semi-arid tropics. This paper aims to evaluate the ability of reservoirs and related infrastructure to meet targets for water supply in the Capibaribe River Basin (CRB), in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The basin has experienced spatial and sectoral (agriculture-urban) reconfiguration of water demands. Human settlements that were once dispersed, relying on intermittent sources of surface water, are now increasingly experiencing water-scarcity effects. As a result, rural populations in the CRB are concentrating around infrastructural water supplies in a socio-hydrological transition process that results from (a) hydroclimatic variability, (b) investment and assistance programs that may enhance but can also supplant local adaptive capacity, and (c) demographic trends driving urbanization of the state capital, Recife, which mirror urban growth across Brazil. In the CRB, demands are currently composed of 69.1% urban potable water, 14.3% industrial, 16.6% irrigation (with ecosystem-service demands met by residual flow). Based on the application of linked hydrologic and water-resources models using precipitation and temperature projections of the IPCC SRES A1B scenario, a reduction in rainfall of 31.8% translated to streamflow reduction of 67.4% under present reservoir operations rules. The increasing demand due to population was also taken into account. This would entail severe water supply reductions for human consumption (−45.3%) and irrigation (−78.0%) by the end of the 21st century. This study demonstrates the vulnerabilities of the infrastructure system during socio-hydrological transition in response to hydroclimatic and demand variabilities in the CRB and also indicates the differential spatial impacts and vulnerability of multiple uses of water to changes over time. The paper concludes with a discussion of the broader implications of climate change, urbanization, and industrialization for water supply under socio-hydrological conditions of scarcity.

RESUMO.O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a variabilidade da temperatura do ar e umidade absoluta na área urbana da cidade de Iporá -Goiás, com o intuito de verificar os locais de maior aquecimento e menor umidade absoluta e analisar os fatores geourbanos, responsáveis por essa variação. Dessa maneira, foram utilizados oito termo-higrômetros, distribuídos na malha urbana. Foi observado que: 1 -de acordo com dendogramas, alguns pontos de mensuração se agruparam de forma semelhante, todavia a influência da variável NDVI tornou o ponto 3 destoante dos demais; 2 -na somatória das porcentagens das influências, a declividade das vertentes foi a variável geourbana que mais contribuiu para explicar os padrões da temperatura do ar, seguida pelo IU e NDVI. Enquanto que o NDVI foi a variável que mais contribuiu para explicar a variabilidade da umidade absoluta; 3 -o alcance, obtido pelos semivariogramas, apresentou grande variabilidade nos seus valores, variando de acordo com o horário do dia e com a variável observada; 4 -os padrões dos desvios da umidade absoluta permitiram afirmar que a área central, mais urbanizada, teve os maiores desvios negativos e áreas com maiores valores de NDVI e próximas aos cursos d'água apresentaram os maiores desvios positivos de umidade.Palavras-chave: clima urbano, campo termodinâmico, geoprocessamento.Air temperature and absolute humidity in small city: spatial and temporal characteristics ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to analyze the variability in air temperature and absolute humidity in the urban area of the city of Iporá -state of Goiás, aiming to determine the places of higher heating and lower absolute humidity and to analyze geourban factors responsible for such variation. Thus, eight thermo-hygrometers were distributed in the urban area. It was observed that: 1 -according to dendrograms, some measurement points were grouped similarly, but the influence of NDVI made the site 3 discordant from the others; 2 -in the sum of the percentages of influence, the steepness of the slopes was the geourban variable that contributed most to explain the patterns in air temperature, followed by IU and NDVI. While the NDVI contributed most to explain the variability of absolute humidity; 3 -the range, obtained by semivariograms, showed large variability in values, varying according to the time of day and the observed variable; 4 -the patterns of deviations in absolute humidity allowed to affirm that the central area, more urbanized, had the highest negative deviations and the areas with higher NDVI values and near watercourses showed the highest positive deviations of humidity.

O crescimento populacional acelerado acarreta a ampliação de ambientes urbanos, trazendo impactos ambientais como a supressão da vegetação e aumento de áreas impermeáveis, os quais afetam diretamente a qualidade e disponibilidade da água. Sendo assim, é importante para o planejamento urbano a pesquisa e o levantamento de informações sobre os componentes do ciclo hidrológico nas cidades, a fim de possibilitar a tomada de decisão e estabelecer medidas mitigadoras de impactos presentes e futuros. Os componentes do ciclo hidrológico se dividem basicamente em áreas de interceptação da água da chuva, áreas de infiltração e áreas de escoamento superficial. Cada um deles desempenha uma função específica no ciclo da água em determinada região. Os pesquisadores se utilizam de técnicas clássicas/tradicionais ou mais recentes a depender do objetivo da pesquisa a ser desenvolvida. O presente artigo reúne e apresenta informações relevantes a respeito dos métodos utilizados para a pesquisa dessas áreas e traz o sensoriamento remoto como ferramenta útil, a qual tem a capacidade de levantar informações de forma rápida e eficaz, como alternativa de mapeamento e monitoramento dos elementos do ciclo hidrológico em ambientes urbanos.

A mangueira é uma espécie que se adaptou bem ao clima quente e úmido do Brasil e em especial na região do Mato Grosso. O seu crescimento e desenvolvimento está atrelado às condições ambientais em que está inserida, principalmente, a temperatura do ar, visto que esta inibe ou favorece o crescimento e desenvolvimento pela modificação das atividades enzimáticas. Alguns estudos têm utilizado dados de campo e simulação computacional como forma de avaliar as temperaturas mínima, máxima e ótima de crescimento e de desenvolvimento das plantas como resposta da ação da temperatura. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as temperaturas cardinais para cultivar manga roxa, a partir de um modelo não linear de simulação computacional proposto por Wang-Engel (WE). A metodologia se mostrou eficiente, sendo que as temperaturas cardinais determinadas foram de 10,61 °C, 29,36 °C e 54,88 °C, para T b , T op e T B , respectivamente, e o valor de RMSE obtido foi de 0,098682, demonstrando um bom ajuste entre dados