Traditional shipping vessel is a mode of transportation that is part of Indonesia's cultural heritage and still exists today. However, traditional shipping has been deemed unable to compete with the national shipping fleet due to the high transport cost, the low safety level, long travel times, limited capacity, and limited ship repair facilities. In addition, its existence was eliminated with the advent of modern ships. This study aims to analyse the competitiveness of traditional shipping with national shipping freight based on transportation costs. The analysis used is a gap analysis of transportation costs based on variable costs and fixed costs for every traditional shipping route that overlaps with national shipping. Data were obtained by field observations. The results of the analysis show that the competitiveness of traditional shipping has decreased due to the loss of cargo of national ships. It is necessary to optimize the route by restoring the traditional shipping function as a national shipping feeder, especially in the underdeveloped, remote, outermost, and border (UROaB) areas. This study recommends the integration of the national shipping transportation network as a trunk line and traditional shipping as a feeder line. The shipping integration is expected to form a network pattern and generates increase in the demand for traditional shipping cargo.
The new high-speed rail (HSR) routes are expected to have a large impact on air transport demand. In some cases, HSR can be a complementary mode to air transport. However, a number of studies have pointed out that HSR can have a negative impact on air transport demand. Various approaches have been used to model mode choice behaviour, such as the discreet choice model, logistic regression and the analytical hierarchy process. OLS and MLE are two methods that are commonly used for parameter estimations. However, these approaches have some limitations. This study aims to understand the travel behaviour, mode choice model, travel variables and the impact of HSR operation on air transport demand through a systematic literature review. This study explores various approaches that are used to model mode choice and identify possible alternative approaches to overcome the limitations of current methods. The key variables that influence mode choice and the impact of HSR operation are elaborated in this study. Several points can be concluded from the analysis of the literature, such as: (1) the operation speed set by HSR should be reliable to enable it to compete with airplane travel time; (2) the model to represent mode choice behaviour should be derived from a suitable analysis method and Bayesian method is one of the alternatives for the parameter estimation; (3) there are various variables that are yet to be included in the current mode choice models, and they can be further explored to better present the needs of the customers; and (4) the impact of HSR operation on airplane travel demand, explained by previous studies, can be used as a reference for the policy maker in implementing transport projects.
This thesis was written in British English. All the work presented in this thesis was conducted in the Transport and Geospatial (TGS) Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) at the Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. The experiment on data collection from human participants using driving simulator was approved by NTU's Institutional Review Board, which serves as the University's ethics committee.
Class III/feeder ports are built to drive the hinterland area's economic growth. This study will evaluate Port benefits during operation using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method with quantitative and qualitative criteria arranged in a criteria tree. This study took the case of the Port of Sapudi-Sumenep regency - East Java Province-Indonesia. The results show that the value of the benefits is quite high. Therefore, this study suggests that the feeder port is significant to be maintained as a driver of community economic activity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.