Ikan lele dumbo (Clarias sp.) sebagai komoditas air tawar memiliki permintaan yang tinggi. Salah satu cara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan permintaan lele dumbo adalah perbaikan kualitas air sehingga produktifitas ikan semakin meningkat. Tujuan penelitian guna mengetahui pengaruh dari pemberian probiotik yang mengandung bakteri heterotrof berbeda pada perairan dan pengaruhnya terhadap kadar ammonia dan kadar nitrit pada media budidaya lele dumbo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Ikan lele dumbo dipelihara selama 30 hari dengan empat perlakuan dan empat ulangan yaitu P1 (kontrol), P2 (probiotik A), P3 (probiotik B), dan P4 (probiotik C). Datahasil penelitian diolah menggunakan Analysis of Variance dan dilanjutkan Uji Berjarak Duncan karena didapatkan hasil yang berbeda nyata. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian probiotik yang mengandung bakteri heterotrof pada perairan mampu menekan produksi amonia dan nitrit yang berbeda nyata (p<0,05). Produksi kadar ammonia terendah adalah P4 sebesar 0,2093 ± 0,01483, dan tertinggi pada P1 sebesar 0,2641±0,01357. Produksi kadar nitrit terendah pada P4 sebesar 0,0509 ± 0,00644, dan tertinggi pada P1 sebesar 0, 0988± 0,00404.
UNIVERSA MEDICINAHigh serum iron and zinc decrease glutathione S-transferase among women with breast cancer Nendyah Roestijawati*, Dwi Arini Ernawati*, and Diah Krisnansari* BACKGROUND Breast cancer in Indonesia ranks second as the most common cancer found in women after cervical cancer. Tumor cells express increased levels of antioxidant proteins to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is known to play a key role in the detoxification and reduction of ROS. Trace elements have nutritional benefits as essential cofactors for physiologic processes, but some can be toxic to humans. Accumulated evidence suggests that deficiency or excess of certain trace elements may be associated with risk of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. The aim of this research was to determine the correlation of the trace elements iron and zinc with the oxidative stress level of GST activity in women with breast cancer. METHODSAn observational analytic study with cross sectional design was conducted involving 35 breast cancer women. Research subjects were women with breast cancer diagnosed by biopsy. Measurements of iron and zinc levels were performed using atomic absorption spectrometry, GST activity was measured using spectrophotometry. Data analysis was done with the Pearson correlation test. RESULTSThe results showed that there was a significant relationship of serum iron with GST (r=-0.487; p<0.05) and serum zinc with GST (r=-0.409; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrated that the higher zinc and iron level, the lower GST level among breast cancer women. It is recommended to use zinc, iron and GST levels as biomarkers for breast cancer and its progression.
Objective: Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are chronic liver diseases that can cause serious health problems. Meanwhile, the methods used to detect liver cirrhosis and HCC are limited. Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is a protein that makes up high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which plays a role in liver cirrhosis and HCC, and can be used as a biomarker. This study aims to determine the ability of ApoA1 to detect and differentiate liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC at Margono Soekarjo Regional General Hospital, Purwokerto, Indonesia. This study also involved 33 healthy participants from blood donors at the Blood Transfusion Unit, Indonesian Red Cross, Banyumas. Serum ApoA1 levels were analyzed by ELISA method. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic power of ApoA1 and differentiate between cirrhotic, HCC, and healthy patients. Multivariate binary logistic regression test to determine the most influential variables on the incidence of cirrhosis, HCC, and health. Results: ApoA1 was able to differentiate cirrhosis from HCC, cirrhosis from healthy and HCC from healthy, with sensitivity 56.7%, 86.7%, 70.6%, specificity 70.6%, 93.9%, 84.9%, respectively, and AUC 68.5%, 92.6%, 75.0%. AFP (p = 0.002, OR 1.004) and bilirubin (p = 0.021, OR 1.259) were variables that contributed to cirrhosis -HCC. Age (p = 0.011, OR 0.766) and AST (p = 0.003, OR 0.834) are variables that play a role in health -cirrhosis. ALT (p = 0.024, OR 0.965) and PT (p = 0.004, OR 0.253) are variables that play a role in healthy -HCC. Conclusion: ApoA1 was best for detecting healthy from cirrhosis, followed by healthy from HCC and cirrhosis from HCC. ApoA1 is not the primary variable determining the incidence of cirrhosis -HCC, healthy -HCC, and healthy -HCC.
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