<p>BACKGROUND<br />Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is classified as a human carcinogen (group IA), one of the cancers that it can cause being prostate cancer. The development of prostate cancer on a molecular basis involves oncogenes such as insuline-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Prostate cancer can be detected in the laboratory through the examination of prostate specific antigen (PSA). The present study aimed to determine the relationship of Cd levels with levels of PSA and IGF-1 in exposed and unexposed workers.</p><p>METHODS<br />The study design was cross sectional. The subjects of the studycame from two groups of workers, ie. the group of Cd exposed workers who were welding shop workers and the group of unexposed workers who were office workers. The minimum samplesize was 85 people. The independent variable was blood Cd level. The dependent variables were PSA and IGF-1 levels. Blood Cd levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), while PSA and IGF-1 were measured using ELISA. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and the Spearman correlation test.</p><p>RESULTS<br />Mean blood Cd level in the exposed workers was 6.5 mg/L and in the unexposed workers 2.15 mg/L. There was a relationship between blood Cd and PSA levels (p<0.05) and between blood Cd levels and IGF-1 (p <0.05).</p><p>CONCLUSIONS<br />There was a relationship of blood Cd with PSA and IGF-1 levels.among workers. PSA and IGF-1 could be a biochemical markers of disease control in cadmium exposed workers.</p>
UNIVERSA MEDICINAHigh serum iron and zinc decrease glutathione S-transferase among women with breast cancer Nendyah Roestijawati*, Dwi Arini Ernawati*, and Diah Krisnansari* BACKGROUND Breast cancer in Indonesia ranks second as the most common cancer found in women after cervical cancer. Tumor cells express increased levels of antioxidant proteins to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is known to play a key role in the detoxification and reduction of ROS. Trace elements have nutritional benefits as essential cofactors for physiologic processes, but some can be toxic to humans. Accumulated evidence suggests that deficiency or excess of certain trace elements may be associated with risk of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. The aim of this research was to determine the correlation of the trace elements iron and zinc with the oxidative stress level of GST activity in women with breast cancer. METHODSAn observational analytic study with cross sectional design was conducted involving 35 breast cancer women. Research subjects were women with breast cancer diagnosed by biopsy. Measurements of iron and zinc levels were performed using atomic absorption spectrometry, GST activity was measured using spectrophotometry. Data analysis was done with the Pearson correlation test. RESULTSThe results showed that there was a significant relationship of serum iron with GST (r=-0.487; p<0.05) and serum zinc with GST (r=-0.409; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrated that the higher zinc and iron level, the lower GST level among breast cancer women. It is recommended to use zinc, iron and GST levels as biomarkers for breast cancer and its progression.
Introduction: Indonesia ranks 8th globally in the air pollution index, with poor air quality causing premature deaths from lung ailments such as interstitial lung diseases. Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL 6) can be used to detect lung disease caused by air pollution. However, the number of studies investigating the link between air pollutant exposure and KL-6 levels is inadequate. The present study explores the association between air pollutant exposure and KL-6 levels in workers in different settings. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 70 individuals who were divided into two groups. Dust levels were measured using a particle counter as a proxy for air pollutant levels. KL-6 levels were measured with ELISA. The Spearman correlation test, Mann-Whitney test, and generalized linear model were used in statistical analyses. Results and Discussion: Air pollutant exposure differed significantly between outdoor and indoor settings (p = 0.000). A significant difference was found in KL-6 serum levels between outdoor and indoor workers (p = 0.000). Air pollutant levels were inversely associated with KL-6 serum levels in outdoor (r = -0.557, p < 0.05) and indoor workers (r = -0.360, p < 0.05). Working duration did not significantly correlate with KL-6 serum levels in either group. A tendency of linear association among air pollutant exposure, overall working duration, and KL-6 serum levels was found in the multivariable model. Conclusion: Work settings were associated with varying exposures to air pollutants and KL-6 serum levels. Higher exposure to pollutants may be associated with an increase in KL-6 serum levels.
ABSTRAK Per tanggal 21 November 2020, di Kabupaten Banyumas, tercatat 1.341 kasus dan 43 kasus kematian. Di Kec. Purwokerto Barat tercatat 64 kasus dan di Rejasari tercatat 13 kasus dengan kematian 2 orang. Kelurahan Rejasari berada di Kecamatan Purwokerto Barat, terdiri dari 9 RW dan RW 3 merupakan kantong masyarakat tidak mampu yaitu 263 KK dari 391 KK termasuk keluarga pra-sejahtera. Upaya memutus rantai penularan covid-19 melalui 3M. Pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat sangat mempengaruhi kepatuhan terhadap upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian covid-19. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahun dan praktik pencegahan dan penangulangan covid-19. Metode dengan penyuluhan, simulasi dan praktik menggunakan masker dan cuci tangan menggunakan hand sanitizer yang benar sesuai ketentuan. Hasil uji Firedman dan Post Hoc Wilcoxon didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan sebelum penyuluhan dibandingkan setelah penyuluhan, evaluasi 1 dan 2 serta berbeda signifikan secara statistik (p=0,005, p=0,032 dan p=0,043). Untuk sikap tidak berbeda signifikan secara statistik sebelum penyuluhan dengan setelah penyuluhan, evaluasi 1 dan 2 (p=0,393) dengan uji Friedman. Implikasinya bahwa penyuluhan meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta tentang covid-19. Simpulan bahwa masyarakat perlu diberi penyuluhan dan role model disiplin protokol kesehatan.
Prostate cancer can be caused by heavy metals exposure that can be identified from increasing levels of metallothionein. Exposure to heavy metals is carcinogenic through the formation of ROS in the oxidative stress process. One of the markers of oxidative stress in prostate cancer is malondialdehyde. Purpose of study to determine the relationship between levels of metallothionein and malondialdehyde in prostate cancer. Research design was cross sectional with subjects were 30 patients with prostate cancer at district hospital at Purwokerto, Indonesia. Measurement levels of metallothionein and malondialdehyde used ELISA sandwich method. Data analysis used Spearman correlation test. There was a correlation between levels of metallothionein and malondialdehyde (p <0.05, r = 0.36). The increase of metallothionein level cause enhancement malondialdehyde level. As a conclusion, study report that there was corelation between metallothionein and malondialdehyde levels illustrates the process of oxidative stress on prostate cancer due to heavy metals exposure.
BACKGROUND <br />Scabies is a World Health Organization neglected tropical disease common in children in low-and middle-income countries. The prevalence of scabies, especially in tropical countries, is still quite high at more than 200 million cases per year. Transmission of scabies is predominantly via skin-to-skin contact. The purpose of the study was to determine the epidemiology of clinical scabies among schoolchildren and spatial modeling using geographic information systems (GIS).<br /><br />METHODS<br />A study of unmatched case-control design with a ratio of 1: 1 was performed to identify specific risk factors of scabies. Cases were patients with clinical scabies and controls were healthy people in the area. A total of 100 students were involved in the study. Simple and multiple logistic regression was used to test any association between the variables. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) modeling was used to determine the spatial distribution of clinical scabies based on 69 cases.<br /><br />RESULT<br />There was a significant association between the level of environmental sanitation and the prevalence of clinical scabies (OR = 2.53;95% C.I. 1.11-5.74). Multivariate analysis showed that the level of environmental sanitation was significant (AOR = 3.05;95% C.I. 1.19-7.81). Risk factors for developing clinical scabies increased to 3 times after considering other risk factors, namely gender, age group and respondent education level. Analysis of average nearest neighbor distance showed that the spatial distribution of clinical scabies was clustered. <br /><br />CONCLUSIONS<br />The distribution of clinical scabies was spatial clustering, and prediction of transmission in a clockwise direction with Southeast and Northwest ellipses.
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