The key purpose of this study was to investigate the depression in students with congenital and adventitious vision loss. The purposive sampling technique was used to select sample. A sample of 81 students with visual impairment (51 with congenital and 30 with adventitious) was selected from different educational institutions of Punjab, Pakistan. An Instrument was developed and validated through expert opinion and piloting on 30 students. The value of Cronbach Alpha was found .88. Data was analyzed by using independent t test and ANOVA on SPSS. Independent sample t-test was used to see the significant difference in depression of students with congenital and adventitious vision loss. Results of t-test showed high significant difference (t= -2.285*) of depression between students with congenital and adventitious vision loss. Adventitiously Visually Impaired students (mean, 65.70) were more depressive than congenitally visually impaired (mean, 58.37). Results also showed no significant difference (-.856) between male and female students with vision loss. But females had high mean of depression (63.31) than males (60.25), it showed females were more depressive than males. To know about the difference of depression among age groups, ANOVA was applied. It showed there is no significant difference (F, .113) of depression among three age groups. As result revealed adventitiously visually impaired are more depressive because of their late onset so they should be needed psychological counseling to cope their depression.
Purpose: The Single National Curriculum (SNC) is one of the basic items of manifesto of ruling party in Pakistan. The academic capability of Children with Visual Impairment (CWVI) is usually considered as that of non-disabled students due to their good cognitive skills. Directorate of Special Education Punjab adopted the same curriculum for CWVI. This study is an effort to identify the standards, benchmarks and SLOs which are difficult to accomplish for CWVI. It was a qualitative study by method and curriculum review/document analysis technique was applied to study the SNC. The complete curriculum of seven key learning areas at early childhood level and following six subjects of English, Urdu, Mathematics, General Knowledge, Islamiat and General Science were studied at primary level. The data was retrieved from the website of National Curriculum Council, Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training, Islamabad, Government of Pakistan. Collected information was coded, major themes were derived and interpreted. Results revealed that a large number of standards, benchmarks and Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) were easy to accomplish for CWVI as non-disabled children but many standards, benchmarks and SLOs were not easy to accomplish for CWVI due to their visual limitations and lack of sufficient need based support. The study recommended that proper adaptations, modifications and accommodations should be made for CWVI especially to attain the geometry, science and geography related standards, benchmarks and SLOs including adaptations proposed by Directorate of Special Education Punjab. Pictorial representations and visual tasks should be substituted with some other learning tasks for CWVI.
In our cultural context, home management is a great challenge that is confronted by almost all adolescent girls. This quantitative study was conceptualized to explore the ground realities regarding the capability of young girls to manage their homes. The population of study consisted of all young girls enrolled in degree and higher education programmes of colleges and universities. A sample of 100 young girls (18-25 years old) was selected conveniently from 4 eminent public and private sector universities in Punjab. A self developed and validated questionnaire (cronbach Alpha: .91) containing components of home management including time management, money management, team work, cleaning habit, laundry, cooking and how to plan a menu containing 28 statements on three point Likert type scale was used to collect data. Personally collected data from the subjects were analyzed on SPSS. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to calculate the mean difference among different home management skills and to see the mean difference in the expertise level of young girls in managing their homes on the basis of studying in different universities. Moreover, t-test was run to see the difference between the girls, belong to rural and urban areas. Frequency distribution of responses was calculated. Major findings revealed that young girls were not good in time management, laundry and cooking. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations to the families of girls, and universities for the inclusion of subject of Home Management in the curricula of respective department were made.
To assess the effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) having mild to moderate symptoms. Methods:This blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from June 1-15, 2020. A total of 150 hospitalized patients were enrolled after diagnoses with COVID-19 through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). They were divided into three groups: hydroxychloroquine plus general care (HGC, n=50), chloroquine plus general care (CGC, n=50); and only general care (OGC, n=50). The HGC group received treatment with hydroxychloroquine 400 mg every 12 hours for day one and 200 mg for the next 4 days. The CGC group received treatment with chloroquine 250 mg every 12 hours for 7 days. The OGC group was kept as a control with only general care. After 12 days, the patients were screened for development of CRS through detection of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in serum samples by using Roche cobas e411 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Results:The mean duration from onset of symptoms to randomization was 7.65 days (SD = 3.287 days; range, 2-15 days). The mean age of patients was 37.57 (range 19-63) years. Results showed that out of a total 150 patients, only 10 patients (6%, mean=1.93; P=0.651) developed CRS in all study groups. Four patients (8%) developed CRS in the HGC group, 2 patients (4%) in the CGC group, and 4 patients (8%) in the OGC group. There was no significant difference in the mean level of CRS among study groups. Conclusion:Administration of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine has no effect in reducing the development of CRS in patients with COVID-19 having mild to moderate symptoms.
Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to explore the teaching strategies employed by Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) teachers in Vocational Training Institutes (VTIs) established by Punjab Vocational Training Council (PVTC) Pakistan Design/Methodology/Approach: The population of the study was all 2423 teachers working in Vocational training Institutes (VTIs) of Punjab Vocational Training Council (PVTC). The sample of the study was 130 (males =69 and females= 61) teachers which were randomly selected from VTIs of PVTC. The instrument of the study was a self-developed and validated questionnaire, having the reliability of 0.87 (Cronbach Alpha). Data were collected personally and by post. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. ANOVA and Independent sample t-test were used to observe the differences in the responses of teachers related to their age, gender, experience, zones, professional qualification, and trainings. Findings: The results of the study indicated that teachers were facing a lot of problems during teaching to TVET students like overcrowded classrooms, unavailability of equipment, lack of trainings and insufficient staff. Implications/Originality/Value: The present study helps the authorities of TVET and Punjab Vocational Training Council by giving recommendations in the improvement and reformation of the current condition of TVET sector in Pakistan.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.