Each individual has a unique gut microbiota; therefore, the genes in our microbiome outnumber the genes in our genome by about 150 to 1. Perturbation in host nutritional status influences gut microbiome composition and vice versa. The gut microbiome can help in producing vitamins, hormones, and other active metabolites that support the immune system; harvest energy from food; aid in digestion; protect against pathogens; improve gut transit and function; send signals to the brain and other organs; oscillate the circadian rhythm; and coordinate with the host metabolism through multiple cellular pathways. Gut microbiota can be influenced by host genetics, medications, diet, and lifestyle factors from preterm to aging. Aligning with precision nutrition, identifying a personalized microbiome mandates the provision of the right nutrients at the right time to the right patient. Thus, before prescribing a personalized treatment, it is crucial to monitor and count the gut flora as a focused biomarker. Many nutritional approaches that have been developed help in maintaining and restoring an optimal microbiome such as specific diet therapy, nutrition interventions, and customized eating patterns. One of these approaches is time-restricted feeding/eating (TRF/E), a type of intermittent fasting (IF) in which a subject abstains from food intake for a specific time window. Such a dietary modification might alter and restore the gut microbiome for proper alignment of cellular and molecular pathways throughout the lifespan. In this review, we have highlighted that the gut microbiota would be a targeted biomarker and TRF/E would be a targeted approach for restoring the gut-microbiome-associated molecular pathways such as hormonal signaling, the circadian system, metabolic regulators, neural responses, and immune-inflammatory pathways. Consequently, modulation of the gut microbiota through TRF/E could contribute to proper utilization and availability of the nutrients and in this way confer protection against diseases for harnessing personalized nutrition approaches to improve human health.

Gut microbiota composition has caused perplexity in developing precision therapy to cure metabolic disorders. However, recent research has focused on using daily diet and natural bioactive compounds to correct gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulate host metabolism. Complex interactions between the gut microbiota and dietary compounds disrupt or integrate the gut barrier and lipid metabolism. In this review, we investigate the role of diet and bioactive natural compounds in gut microbiota dysbiosis and also the modulation of lipid metabolism by their metabolites. Recent studies have revealed that diet, natural compounds and phytochemicals impact significantly on lipid metabolism in animals and humans. These findings suggest that dietary components or natural bioactive compounds have a significant impact on microbial dysbiosis linked to metabolic diseases. The interaction between dietary components or natural bioactive compounds and gut microbiota metabolites can regulate lipid metabolism. Additionally, natural products can shape the gut microbiota and improve barrier integrity by interacting with gut metabolites and their precursors, even in unfavourable conditions, potentially contributing to the alignment of host physiology.

Cigarette smoking is one of the major modifiable and environmental risk factors which can alter the lipid profile that leads to the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the current study is to explore the association of cigarette smoking with Hyperlipidemia in male individuals. A cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2017 to August 2018 in Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. A total of 1561 male individuals were enrolled in the study with a mean age (years) of 55.33 ± 14.41. We collected data on demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle indices. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TGL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined by the enzymatic colorimetric method. The mean level of serum TC, TG, and HDL-C were 4.85 ± 0.91, 1.69 ± 1.45 and 1.27 ± 0.32 mmol/L respectively. We found that age, body mass index, pack-years, marital status, annual household income, alcohol consumption, smoking status, education level, and occupational status have significant association with Hyperlipidemia. Adjusted multiple logistic regressions showed that in old age, smoking behavior can significantly increase the risk of Hyperlipidemia. With an increase in pack-years, a significant increase is found only in TC while decreasing trend noticed in HDL-C level. Current smokers showed a significant increase in the risk of Hyperlipidemia compared to those who never smoked while smoking cessation decreases the risk of Hyperlipidemia. This study concluded that cigarette smoking along with increased age and pack-years can significantly increase the risk of Hyperlipidemia that further leads to heart diseases.

BackgroundDecline in cardio-metabolic health, immunity, and physical activity is associated with old age. Old people also find it difficult to engage in structured exercise programs. Therefore, there is a need to investigate common daily chores as an alternative for exercise that may also help in maintaining cardio-metabolic and immune health.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate whether Salat, an obligatory Islamic prayer involving various physical movements and closely resembling yoga, enhances the benefits conferred by the current guidelines for physical activity.MethodsA total of 30 overweight adults (mean (SD) age of 53.5 (8.7) years) participated in this study. For a 4-week duration, we compared the effects of Salat before/after meals (Pre-MS/Post-MS) on selected immunological and metabolic parameters in serum samples. We also compared the effects of both Pre-MS/Post-MS regimens in young and old subjects to observe any age-related effects.ResultsMost of the baseline metabolic parameters and the count of immune cells were normal. Post-MS resulted in a significant reduction in body weight and percent body fat (%BF). Overall, Post-MS resulted in a clear leukocytosis with a significant increase in granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. When analyzing the lymphocyte compartment, a clear numerical increase was noted for T, B, and NK cells. The number of CD8+ T cells showed a statistically significant increase. Similarly, Post-MS induced leukocytosis in both young and old individuals, while the increase in granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes was statistically significant in old subjects only.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the Islamic obligatory and congressional Salat practice is capable of mimicking desirable pro-immune and pro-metabolic health effects.Clinical trial registration(UMIN000048901).

Objective: To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's health. Methodology: Study transverse, exploratory and descriptive of character quantitative / qualitative carried through to one questionnaire developed by Google Forms and available on social media with questions about the pandemic impact on the health of children and adolescents. Results and discussion: Of the 200 caregivers who participated, 94.5% were female and 92% mothers, most were married (87.5%) and older than 40 years (61.5%). As for children and adolescents, most were between 8 and 12 years old (38.5%), 50% were female, 78% did not have comorbidities that favored the severity of COVID-19. In relation to the context of the pandemic, 75.5 % reported having one dialogue honest with the child / adolescent about the lived situation and the main feelings were reported: worry, fear, sadness, anxiety, irritability and missed the routine. In relation to behavioral disorders of children and adolescents since the beginning of the pandemic, 73% of the charge stated observe differences in the main was the increase in time in the home (77%). Additionally, other behavioral changes identified in the QUESTIONNAIRE were very relevant as difficulty sleeping (43%) decline in school performance (42 .5 %) and agitation / irritation (42%). With regard to the practice of physical activity, 63% of children practiced before the pandemic, but only 27.7 % continues, besides that sun bath also was taken, because only 43.2% are taking regularly due to COVID 19 SOPs.. conclusion:  we can see that the pandemic has affected directly the behavior of children and adolescents, being necessary attention geared to families with respect to physical and mental health, as well as the expansion of the debate on the theme. Keywords: coronavirus, COVID-19, Pandemic, Family health, Pediatric Health.