Interaction between gut microbiota metabolites and dietary components in lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases

Abstract

Gut microbiota composition has caused perplexity in developing precision therapy to cure metabolic disorders. However, recent research has focused on using daily diet and natural bioactive compounds to correct gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulate host metabolism. Complex interactions between the gut microbiota and dietary compounds disrupt or integrate the gut barrier and lipid metabolism. In this review, we investigate the role of diet and bioactive natural compounds in gut microbiota dysbiosis and also the modulation of lipid metabolism by their metabolites. Recent studies have revealed that diet, natural compounds and phytochemicals impact significantly on lipid metabolism in animals and humans. These findings suggest that dietary components or natural bioactive compounds have a significant impact on microbial dysbiosis linked to metabolic diseases. The interaction between dietary components or natural bioactive compounds and gut microbiota metabolites can regulate lipid metabolism. Additionally, natural products can shape the gut microbiota and improve barrier integrity by interacting with gut metabolites and their precursors, even in unfavourable conditions, potentially contributing to the alignment of host physiology.

Signaling Modifications Associated with Obesity and Dysbiosis and Their Impact on Metabolic Disorders

“…Obesity-mediated systemic inflammation and related mediators have been implicated in the onset and progression of many obesity-related diseases. Similarly, the bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and microbe-derived components may regulate physiological and molecular signals that sustain lipid metabolism [53,54]. Obesity induced by a high-fat diet in mice promotes dysbiosis, causing a shift toward bacterial-derived metabolites that contribute to the onset and progression of gastrointestinal disorders [55].…”

The Modulatory Effects of Curcumin on the Gut Microbiota: A Potential Strategy for Disease Treatment and Health Promotion

“…The healthy microbiota comprises four main groups of bacteria, which include Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria [15]. These bacteria interact with host receptors, regulate the balance of intestinal flora, and produce metabolites essential for maintaining the function of the intestinal epithelial barrier [16]. This barrier regulates immune function, promotes the metabolism of indigestible carbohydrates, and prevents the invasion of foreign pathogens.…”

“…Maintaining the gut microbiota's ecological balance is vital for regulating immune reactions [19]. It has been shown that the dysregulation of the intestinal microbiota and its associated metabolites has a major effect in rupturing intestinal integrity [16], which affects immune homeostasis and thus the function of peripheral tissues. LPS is present in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which is the most abundant bacterium in the intestinal flora, and the lipid A component of LPS is mainly bound to the toll-like receptor TLR4 [95], which is expressed in macrophages, enterocytes, and endothelial cells (ECs), among others, triggers various signaling routes, and encourages the secretion of pro-inflammatory agents [96] and the expression of chemokines and leukocyte adhesion molecules, leading to the development of chronic inflammation [97].…”

Exploring Functional Products and Early-Life Dynamics of Gut Microbiota

“…These functions include the microbiota’s involvement in the modulation of the nervous system [ 6 ], its influence on aging processes [ 7 ], and its role in the development of autoimmune diseases beyond the gut [ 8 ]. Additionally, the interactions between dietary components, microbiota metabolites, and genetic expression in the host are complex and not yet fully mapped [ 9 ]. Furthermore, the role of the microbiota extends far beyond what was previously understood, marking a significant shift in the scientific perspective.…”