A novel Gram-stain-positive, coccoid actinobacterium, designated strain Sco-D01 T , was isolated from volcanic ash collected from Oreum (a parasitic volcanic cone) on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Cells were aerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Colonies were vivid yellow, circular, smooth and convex. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall was LL-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was The genus Marmoricola was proposed by Urzì et al. (2000) to accommodate an aerobic, Gram-positive, coccoid actinobacterium isolated from marble, Marmoricola aurantiacus, which was assigned to the family Nocardioidaceae on the basis of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Two other species in the genus, Marmoricola aequoreus (Lee, 2007) and Marmoricola bigeumensis (Dastager et al., 2008), were subsequently described, members of which were isolated from various environments such as marble, beach sediment and agricultural soil. The aim of the present study was to characterize a novel Gramstain-positive, coccoid actinobacterium, designated strain Sco-D01 T , by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. An emended description of the genus Marmoricola is also provided. Strain Sco-D01T was isolated from volcanic ash collected from Oreum (a parasitic volcanic cone) on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Volcanic ash samples (1 g) were ground into powder with a pestle and suspended in 10 ml distilled water. Aliquots of serial dilutions were spread onto starchcasein agar (1 % soluble starch, 0.03 % casein, 0.2 % KNO 3 , 0.2 % NaCl, 0.2 % KH 2 PO 4 , 0.002 % CaCO 3 , 0.005 % T were grown on R2A agar (Difco) for 5 days at 30 u C.Unless specified otherwise, the following morphological and physiological characteristics were investigated by using ISP 2 as the basal medium. The temperature and pH ranges for growth were determined at 4, 10, 20, 30, 37 and 42 u C and at initial pH values of 4.1-12.1 (at intervals of 1.0 pH units). NaCl tolerance for growth was tested on ISP 2 supplemented with 1-9 % (w/v) NaCl. Gram staining, oxidase and catalase activities, degradation ability and utilization of carbohydrates were determined according to the methods described by . Other physiological and biochemical properties were tested by using the API 20E and API ZYM kits (bioMérieux) according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Colony morphology and cell pigmentation were observed and recorded after incubation on ISP 2 for 5 days at 30 u C. Cell morphology and motility were observed by using phase-contrast and transmission electron microscopy. For the latter, cells were stained with 1 % phosphotungstic acid and observed with a model JEM-1200EX II (JEOL) transmission electron microscope.Abbreviation: DAP, diaminopimelic acid.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Sco-D01 T is FN386750.A supplementary table giving the cellular fatty acid profiles of strain Sco-D01 T and the type strains of recognized Marmoricola species is available with the online version of this paper.

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete, designated strain DSW-2 T , was isolated from a seaweed sample collected around Mara Island, Jeju, Republic of Korea. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DSW-2 T belongs to the suborder Micrococcineae and forms a distinct clade separated from representatives of the several families of this order. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the novel strain and members of this suborder were lower than 96.4 %. The peptidoglycan type is A3a with Lys-Ser as the interpeptide bridge. Whole-cell sugars are glucose and galactose. The major menaquinone is MK-9(H 4 ). The predominant fatty acid is ai-C 15 : 0 . The polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. On the basis of the chemotaxonomic markers and phylogenetic distinctiveness presented here, it is evident that the isolate represents a novel taxon within the suborder Micrococcineae. The name Koreibacter algae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain DSW-2 T (5KCTC 13436 T 5DSM 22126 T ).The suborder Micrococcineae (Stackebrandt et al., 1997) is one of the largest and most diverse taxa in the class Actinobacteria and originally contained nine families: Micrococcaceae, Brevibacteriaceae, Cellulomonadaceae, Dermabacteraceae, Dermatophilaceae, Intrasporangiaceae, Jonesiaceae, Microbacteriaceae and Promicromonosporaceae. Five novel families have been subsequently added to the suborder on the basis of phylogenetic analysis: Bogoriellaceae, Dermacoccaceae, Rarobacteraceae, Sanguibacteraceae (Stackebrandt & Schumann, 2000) and Yaniellaceae (Li et al., 2008). To include these novel taxa, the descriptions of these families were recently emended on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and the signature patterns of their 16S rRNA gene sequences, and, based on this revision, the new family Beutenbergiaceae was created in the suborder Micrococcineae (Zhi et al., 2009). This paper describes the classification of a Micrococcineae strain that was isolated from seaweed.Strain DSW-2 T was isolated from a sample of an unknown seaweed collected around Mara Island in Jeju, Republic of Korea. The seaweed was directly spread onto SC-SW agar (1 % soluble starch, 0.03 % casein, 0.2 % KNO 3 , 0.2 % NaCl, 0.2 % KH 2 PO 4 , 0.002 % CaCO 3 , 0.005 % MgSO 4 . 7H 2 O, 0.001 % FeSO 4 . 7H 2 O, 1.8 % agar; 60 % natural seawater and 40 % distilled water) and the plate was incubated at 30 uC for 2 weeks. The isolate was maintained on marine agar (MA; Difco) and in 20 % (v/v) glycerol suspensions containing 60 % natural seawater and 20 % distilled water at 220 u C and 280 u C, respectively.Cell morphology and motility were observed by using phase-contrast and transmission electron microscopy, with cells grown on MA at 30 u C for 5 days. Colony characteristics were observed on MA at 30 uC for 5 days. Conditions for growth were examined on MA at 4, 10, 20, 25, 30, 37, 40 and 45 u C and pH 3.5, 4.1-12.1 (in intervals of one pH unit), 13.0 and...

A novel actinomycete, designated strain Sco-A36 T , was isolated from volcanic ash. Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, non-motile cocci; colonies were yellow-coloured, smooth, entire and convex. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the organism formed a distinct phyletic line within the radiation of the genus Marmoricola. Its closest phylogenetic neighbours were Marmoricola aurantiacus DSM 12652 T (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01 T (97.9 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45 T (97.4 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05 T (96.3 %). The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell walls was LL-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H 4 ). The polar lipids contained phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unknown phospholipid. The predominant fatty acids were C 16 : 0 , C 17 : 1 v8c, C 18 : 1 v9c and C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH. The DNA G+C content of strain Sco-A36 T was 71.0 mol%. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between the new isolate and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Marmoricola were 4.9-29.2 %. The phenotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data presented here strongly suggest that strain Sco-A36 T represents a novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the name Marmoricola korecus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Sco-A36 T (5KCTC 19596 T 5DSM 22128 T ).