Koreibacter algae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seaweed

Abstract

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete, designated strain DSW-2 T , was isolated from a seaweed sample collected around Mara Island, Jeju, Republic of Korea. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DSW-2 T belongs to the suborder Micrococcineae and forms a distinct clade separated from representatives of the several families of this order. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the novel strain and members of this suborder were lower than 96.4 %. The peptidoglycan type is A3a with Lys-Ser as the interpeptide bridge. Whole-cell sugars are glucose and galactose. The major menaquinone is MK-9(H 4 ). The predominant fatty acid is ai-C 15 : 0 . The polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. On the basis of the chemotaxonomic markers and phylogenetic distinctiveness presented here, it is evident that the isolate represents a novel taxon within the suborder Micrococcineae. The name Koreibacter algae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain DSW-2 T (5KCTC 13436 T 5DSM 22126 T ).The suborder Micrococcineae (Stackebrandt et al., 1997) is one of the largest and most diverse taxa in the class Actinobacteria and originally contained nine families: Micrococcaceae, Brevibacteriaceae, Cellulomonadaceae, Dermabacteraceae, Dermatophilaceae, Intrasporangiaceae, Jonesiaceae, Microbacteriaceae and Promicromonosporaceae. Five novel families have been subsequently added to the suborder on the basis of phylogenetic analysis: Bogoriellaceae, Dermacoccaceae, Rarobacteraceae, Sanguibacteraceae (Stackebrandt & Schumann, 2000) and Yaniellaceae (Li et al., 2008). To include these novel taxa, the descriptions of these families were recently emended on the basis of phylogenetic analyses and the signature patterns of their 16S rRNA gene sequences, and, based on this revision, the new family Beutenbergiaceae was created in the suborder Micrococcineae (Zhi et al., 2009). This paper describes the classification of a Micrococcineae strain that was isolated from seaweed.Strain DSW-2 T was isolated from a sample of an unknown seaweed collected around Mara Island in Jeju, Republic of Korea. The seaweed was directly spread onto SC-SW agar (1 % soluble starch, 0.03 % casein, 0.2 % KNO 3 , 0.2 % NaCl, 0.2 % KH 2 PO 4 , 0.002 % CaCO 3 , 0.005 % MgSO 4 . 7H 2 O, 0.001 % FeSO 4 . 7H 2 O, 1.8 % agar; 60 % natural seawater and 40 % distilled water) and the plate was incubated at 30 uC for 2 weeks. The isolate was maintained on marine agar (MA; Difco) and in 20 % (v/v) glycerol suspensions containing 60 % natural seawater and 20 % distilled water at 220 u C and 280 u C, respectively.Cell morphology and motility were observed by using phase-contrast and transmission electron microscopy, with cells grown on MA at 30 u C for 5 days. Colony characteristics were observed on MA at 30 uC for 5 days. Conditions for growth were examined on MA at 4, 10, 20, 25, 30, 37, 40 and 45 u C and pH 3.5, 4.1-12.1 (in intervals of one pH unit), 13.0 and...

Reclassification of Koreibacter algae as a later heterotypic synonym of Paraoerskovia marina and emended descriptions of the genus Paraoerskovia Khan et al. 2009 and of Paraoerskovia marina Khan et al. 2009

“…Galactose and traces of xylose were the sugars of purified cell walls of the two type strains, as determined according to the procedure of Staneck & Roberts (1974). Galactose as a major cell-wall sugar in K. algae was also reported by Lee & Lee (2010), but the occurrence of mannose in the cell wall of P. marina (Khan et al, 2009) could not be confirmed in the present study. Polar lipids were extracted, separated by two-dimensional TLC and identified by spraying with ninhydrin, anaphthol, molybdophosphoric acid and Zinzadze reagent according to Tindall et al (2007).…”

“…T by Khan et al (2009), but disagree with the result of Lee & Lee (2010). Galactose and traces of xylose were the sugars of purified cell walls of the two type strains, as determined according to the procedure of Staneck & Roberts (1974).…”

“…When comparing the descriptions of K. algae and P. marina, several differing phenotypic characteristics are obvious (Khan et al, 2009;Lee & Lee, 2010). K. algae was reported to be aerobic and oxidase-and leucine arylamidase-negative, while facultatively anaerobic growth as well as positive oxidase and leucine arylamidase reactions were reported for P. marina.…”

“…According to its description, K. algae contains phosphatidylinositol as polar lipid but lacks mannose as a cell-wall sugar and differs in these chemotaxonomic features from the data reported for P. marina. Khan et al (2009) reported the peptidoglycan type A4a L-Lys-L-Ser-DGlu and a DNA G+C content of 70 mol% for P. marina, while Lee & Lee (2010) published the type A3a Lys-Ser and a DNA G+C content of 68.3 mol% for K. algae. With respect to physiological features not mentioned above, morphology, colony appearance, motility, growth temperature, pH and NaCl tolerance as well as menaquinone patterns, the data reported for K. algae and P. marina were either identical or very similar or the differences were within ranges that would not allow the unambiguous differentiation of the two organisms (Table S1; Khan et al, 2009;Lee & Lee, 2010).…”

“…One group submitted the proposal for a new genus and species Paraoerskovia marina (Khan et al, 2009), whereas the other named the novel organism Koreibacter algae (Lee & Lee, 2010). Though the description of K. algae appeared in print 8 months after the proposal of P. marina, the type strains of the two taxa had not been compared (Schumann & Gvozdyak, 2012).…”