Real-time in situ spectroelectrochemical studies have been carried out in N,NЈ-dimethyl formamide containing lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate as an electrolyte and the results are reported. The results indicate that the primary reduction product of the cyclic form of sulfur, S 8c 2Ϫ , undergoes an equilibrium reaction to its linear chain counterpart, S 8l 2Ϫ , which then dissociates into various products. These two dianions and S 3 Ϫ• were produced along with a minor product, S 4 2Ϫ , at the potential corresponding to the first electron transfer. These products were further reduced or dissociated to species including S 7 2Ϫ , S 6 2Ϫ , S 5 2Ϫ , S 4 2Ϫ , S 3 2Ϫ , S 2 2Ϫ , and S 2Ϫ at the second electron-transfer step as evidenced by the spectral shifts observed during electrolysis. The reduction reactions are generally chemically reversible, making it possible to use sulfur reduction as a cathode reaction for Li/S batteries.

Obesity was associated with periodontitis. VFA was the most suitable indicator of obesity in relation to periodontitis. Obesity may be a substantial risk factor for periodontitis.

These results suggest that periodontitis could be an independently related factor on MetS. Hence, dentists and physicians should be aware of the importance of periodontitis as a potential source of inflammatory burden.

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Background: Several studies suggested that periodontitis is a risk factor for stroke, but the relationship between periodontitis and hemorrhagic stroke has not been widely reported. This study aims to evaluate the association between periodontitis and hemorrhagic stroke and to identify the risk group for this association. Methods: We recruited 165 patients who were diagnosed via computed tomography brain imaging as having had a hemorrhagic stroke and 214 non‐stroke control subjects for a case‐control study. All participants underwent a clinical periodontal examination using clinical attachment level (CAL) as a marker. Information about sociodemographic factors, behavioral factors, systemic health, and a familial history of systemic health was gathered through an interview using structured questionnaires. The association between periodontitis and hemorrhagic stroke was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analyses with adjustment for age, gender, income, education, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, cardiac disease, familial hypertension history, familial diabetes history, familial cardiac disease history, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Subgroup analyses were also performed to investigate potential risk groups. Results: After controlling for potential confounders, periodontitis (CAL ≥6 mm) was found to be significantly associated with hemorrhagic stroke (odds ratio: 2.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 5.6), but this association did not exhibit a dose‐dependent response for periodontitis (percentile of sites of periodontal pockets with CAL ≥5 mm among total probed pockets). The association between periodontitis (CAL ≥6 mm) and hemorrhagic stroke was significant for males, patients who had a lower income than control subjects, obese patients, and patients without diabetes. Conclusions: Periodontitis may be an independent risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke. Risk groups include males, patients without diabetes, and obese subjects.

Electrical and morphological properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films electrodeposited on gold-on-silicon electrodes by galvanostatic, potentiostatic, and potentiodynamic methods have been determined using current sensing atomic force microscopic experiments. Surface morphologies and vertical conductivities of PEDOT films were affected by the experimental parameters including the preparation method, the current density, the potential, and the potentiodynamic cyclic number. Band gaps obtained from current-voltage curves of dedoped PEDOT were in excellent agreement with those obtained from absorption spectra. When the film thickness was increased on the gold-on-silicon electrode, the topographic images were not very well defined due to the high roughness but conductivities increased significantly in all the galvanostatically, potetiostatically, and potentiodynamically grown PEDOT films.

This study proved that MTF and CNR values have a significant association with subjective image quality. The diagnostic task should be considered in evaluation of CBCT image quality.