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Generally, a chemical method, such as a new synthesis or the introduction of a functional group and a physical method, which blends two or more polymers at certain ratios to create a desired product, can be used to improve the properties of polymers. Among these physical methods, a polymer blend is used widely because it is relatively simple and the desired properties can be adjusted depending on the polymers used. Polyamide (nylon) with its high crystallization, mechanical properties, thermal stability and excellent anti-abrasion resistance is a typical engineering plastic material and the demands and uses for it have increased steadily since 1940. Therefore, some studies in a range of fields have focused on improving the thermal and mechanical properties of nylon. Of the polyamides formed with polymers linked by monomers-chains of amide (CONH) bonds, polyamide-66 (chemical name: polyhexa methyleneadipamide) has a high degree of crystallization and an excellent balance between its properties. A comparison of polyamide-66 (PA-66) and polyamide-6 revealed that polyamide-66 have superior thermal resistance and mechanical properties to polyamide-6. In addition, PA-66 has outstanding chemical resistance to hydrocarbon solvents, making it possible to reinforce these physical properties with glass fiber fillers. The heat deflection temperature can be improved remarkably when glass fibers are charged based on these properties, i.e. the mechanical strength and stiffness 1,2 .

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Background: Adhesive capsulitis is a common but poorly understood disorder of the shoulder. Various treatments have been developed to manage this condition, but the efficacy of these treatments is controversial. We developed an ultrasound-guided, minimally invasive interventional technique to manage adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder using a specially designed needle. Objective: To describe the methodological approach of our intervention. Study Design: Technical report. Setting: Pain management clinic. Methods: Thirteen participants with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder underwent ultrasound-guided interventional release of the rotator interval and posteroinferior capsule using a specially designed curved Round Needle. A convex ultrasound probe was placed along the oblique coronal plane over the supraspinatus muscle and acromion. Under ultrasonographic guidance, the needle was passed through the supraspinatus muscle and superior labrum and reached the rotator interval. It was moved forward and backward until no resistance was felt. After finishing the rotator interval release, the needle was inserted toward the posteroinferior capsule. While the operator released the adhesion in the posteroinferior capsule by moving the needle forward and backward, an assistant gradually abducted the shoulder. When full abduction of the affected shoulder was achieved, the intervention was completed. Results: Following our intervention, significant improvements in pain levels, glenohumeral range of motion, and Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores were attained at follow-up. Limitations: Technical report only. Efficacy of this technique is beyond the scope of the article. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided interventional release of the rotator interval and posteroinferior capsule appears to have clinical significance in the management of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. Key words: adhesive capsulitis, shoulder, ultrasound, intervention, dry needling, technique

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