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Further studies on patients' satisfaction should additionally pay attention to treatment expectations formed by the previous experience of treatment, service-related knowledge, stigma and patients' disempowerment, and power imbalance.

Background: The objective of the present study was to examine the association of insight into the illness with demographic variables and symptomatology in a sample of 1213 patients with schizophrenia. Method: Data were collected with the Psychosis Evaluation tool for Common use by Caregivers (PECC), a semi-structured interview evaluating five symptom domains of schizophrenia and the insight items 'awareness of having a mental disorder' and 'attributing symptoms to a mental disorder'. Results: Insight was positively associated with educational level and inversely with overall symptom severity, and the positive, negative, excitatory and cognitive symptom domains. At symptom level, the items 'delusions', 'grandiosity', 'poor rapport', 'social withdrawal' and 'guilt feelings' showed the strongest associations with both insight items. Overall, correlations between insight and symptomatology were modest, explaining less than 30% of the variance in insight. Conclusion: Lack of insight in schizophrenia is partially explained by clinical symptoms and demographic measures. #

Rehospitalization rates of patients who were prescribed atypical antipsychotic drugs were similar to those of patients who were prescribed typical antipsychotic drugs for both the group with the first psychotic episode and group with chronic schizophrenia.

SUMMARY -Poor insight and high level of self-stigma are often present among patients with schizophrenia and are related to poorer treatment adherence, poorer social function and rehabilitation, aggressive behavior, higher level of depression, social anxiety, lower quality of life and selfesteem. Reports on a relationship between insight and stigma are controversial. We examined the relationship of the level of insight and self-stigma in a sample of 149 patients with schizophrenia. Insight was measured with the Scale to assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder and self-stigma with the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness. Results showed 88.6% of the patients to have high or moderate insight, with a mean value of 2.73. General insight showed the highest level (2.58) and insight in positive symptoms the lowest level (2.9). The self-stigma score in general was 2.13, with stereotype endorsement being lowest (1.98). According to study results, 77.1% of patients felt minimal or low self-stigma across all subscales, except for stigma resistance subscale. Statistically significant correlation was found between insight and four subscales of self-stigma, while no correlation was found for the stigma resistance subscale only. These results imply the need of individually tailored antistigma and insight promoting programs for patients with schizophrenia.

The thermal effects of a CO2 laser on the external root surface and inside the root canal were studied in vitro by means of computerized infrared (IR) thermography and a digital thermometer. One-hundred-and-eighty tooth roots with single root canals were irradiated internally and externally with laser power set at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 W. The laser was used in two operating modes: pulsed (pulse 0.5 s) and continuous mode with exposure time of 10 s. Under the conditions of this experiment, temperature rises of between 1.5 and 19.1 degrees C at the external root surface and 1.5 and 12 degrees C inside the root canal and horizontally across the sectioned root surface were recorded. The results obtained with IR camera showed a higher temperature on the external root surface than the digital thermometer during and after lasing the root canal. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that even low laser energy significantly damaged the external root cementum surfaces.

In this paper, the Croatian and Ukrainian anthroponymic corpus are compared based on the twenty most common male and female names and surnames. The linguistic and cultural similarities between the Croatian and Ukrainian first name corpus are evidenced in the two most common Croatian and Ukrainian female names are Marija and Ana (Ukrainian Gana). Besides many homonymic or similar sounding modern Croatian and Ukrainian first names, the Croatian and Ukrainian first name corpora also include cognate local and historical forms for the Christian names Josip (Ukr. Osip) and Nikola (Cro. dial. Mikula and Ukr. Mikola). Smaller differences arise from the fact that Croatians are, for the most part, Catholic, while Ukrainians are, for the most part, Orthodox Christian, resulting in a portion of the Christian names used by Ukrainians having been directly borrowed from Greek (e.g., Grigorij), while they entered Croatian through Latin as an intermediary (e.g., Grgur). The most significant differences between the Croatians and Ukrainians lie in the surname corpus in which Croatian surnames originating from first names dominate, while in Ukraine surnames derived from terms for occupations dominate.

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