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The evolution of MOOCs in the last decade has been constant and dynamic. The first cMOOC and xMOOC models eventually evolved into different postMOOC modalities, such as sMOOC, which conjugates interaction among students with a participation model based on social networks. This work is focused on carrying out a systematic review of the state-of-the-art scientific literature referred to the concept of MOOC and its diverse types. Moreover, in this article, a new generation associated to sMOOC is unveiled: the tMOOC (Transfer Massive Open Online Courses). The methodology of study is based on the content analysis of those categories resulting after compiling 707 entries from Web of Science, plus an in-depth study of the 70 articles which were quoted at least 10 times. In addition, a case study has been carried out from European ECO Project’s “sMOOC Step by Step”, as an example of innovative pedagogical model based on collaborative learning to train future e-teachers. The results of the analysis show the very recent –and still scarce– research on the different types of MOOCs, as well as the finding of a new modality based on pedagogical transformation, learning transference and intercreative talent. As a conclusion, the analysis of all key factors in the configuration of tMOOC has encouraged us to propose a new taxonomy based on the 10 T’s. La evolución de los MOOC en la última década ha sido constante y dinámica. Como antecedentes, los primeros modelos de cMOOC y xMOOC se transforman en otras modalidades postMOOC, como los sMOOC, que conjugan la interacción entre los estudiantes con el modelo de participación implantado en las redes sociales. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática del estado de la literatura científica sobre el concepto MOOC y sus distintas tipologías. En este artículo, se descubre una nueva generación asociada a los sMOOC, los tMOOC (Transfer Massive Open Online Courses). La metodología de estudio se basa en el análisis de contenido de las categorías resultantes en los 707 registros recogidos de Web of Science, profundizando en los 70 artículos que obtuvieron al menos diez citas. Además, se ha realizado el estudio de caso del sMOOC «Paso a paso» del Proyecto Europeo ECO, como modelo pedagógico innovador, centrado en el aprendizaje colaborativo para la formación de futuros e-teachers. Los resultados del análisis muestran la reciente y escasa investigación sobre los diferentes tipos de MOOC, así como el hallazgo de una nueva modalidad basada en la transformación pedagógica, la transferencia del aprendizaje y el talento intercreativo. Como conclusión, el análisis de todas las claves de la configuración del tMOOC nos lleva a proponer una nueva taxonomía basada en las 10 T’s.

Educational and technical resources are regarded as central in combating disinformation and safeguarding democracy in an era of ‘fake news’. In this study, we investigated whether a professional fact-checking tool could be utilised in curricular activity to make pupils more skilled in determining the credibility of digital news and to inspire them to use digital tools to further their transliteracy and technocognition. In addition, we explored how pupils’ performance and attitudes regarding digital news and tools varied across four countries (France, Romania, Spain, and Sweden). Our findings showed that a two-hour intervention had a statistically significant impact on teenagers’ abilities to determine the credibility of fake images and videos. We also found that the intervention inspired pupils to use digital tools in information credibility assessments. Importantly, the intervention did not make pupils more sceptical of credible news. The impact of the intervention was greater in Romania and Spain than among pupils in Sweden and France. The greater impact in these two countries, we argue, is due to cultural context and the fact that pupils in Romania and Spain learned to focus less on ’gut feelings’, increased their use of digital tools, and had a more positive attitude toward the use of the fact-checking tool than pupils in Sweden and France.

Eric DELAMOTTE Vincent LIQUETE Divina FRAU-MEIGS LA TRANSLITTERATIE OU LA CONVERGENCE DES CULTURES DE L'INFORMATION : SUPPORTS, CONTEXTES ET MODALITESRésumé : cet article retrace les divers courants qui animent le champ des littératies, notamment dans sa relation aux didactiques disciplinaires et aux contextes d'apprentissages. Il considère la notion de translittératie à partir des mutations et hybridations des savoirs et de la convergence entre l'éducation aux médias, à l'information et à l'informatique. L'analyse est fondée sur un projet de recherche Trans-I, avec des observations menées en contexte. Sont présentées les perspectives de compétences, finalités et attitudes translittéraciques au sein et hors du système scolaire, avec des propositions concernant les usages invisibles des jeunes et les nouveaux rôles des enseignants.

Wired magazine is taken as a case-study of social engineering in action. The contributors all tried to elaborate a new consensus on the status of personal identity in relation to real and virtual communities of belonging. They did so through a conscious attempt at analysis of the means of production and reproduction in cyberspace. The position of the magazine, militantly activist and always optimistic, set the tone for the social acceptability of the so-called computer revolution. This optimism can be explained by the socio-economical origins of its founders and of the public that they sought. An analysis of their editorial agenda allows us to reconstruct the discourse held by these pioneers of digital interaction, and their attempts at legitimizing their utopia of a technological democracy into a reality yet-to-be-created.

This research reviews the formative model of the sMOOCs (social MOOC) characterized by the interaction and the implication of the participants who, relying on collective intelligence, look for the co-creation of knowledge in every educational action. The fieldwork focuses on the analysis of the "Step by Step" sMOOC of ECO Project (the second and third editions), that aims at the training of e-teachers and the transfer of learning to the professional field. The research methodology is mixed, with quantitative and qualitative techniques: it uses a semi-structured questionnaire, in order to compare possible bivariate correlations between the different variables; it conducts a content analysis of the fragments of messages written by the participants in the forums of the course. One of the most significant conclusions is the high degree of satisfaction of the participants with regard to the value of the course for their professional life. This form of transfer of the learning process leads to the proposal of a new modality for MOOCs, the tMOOC as "transferMOOC".

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This research analysed social MOOCs (sMOOCs), which are characterised by the involvement and the interaction of participants in a model based on intercreativity, with the final objective of transferring knowledge by an agile replicating process. The fieldwork focused on the analysis of the sMOOC “Step by Step” of the European Commission-funded Elearning, Communication and Open-data (ECO) Project, which aims to build and apply an innovative pedagogical model for the the training of e-teachers. This sMOOC reaches out to a specific academic community, providing learners with digital competences in order to transform them in e-teachers. The quantitative analysis was done via an online questionnaire. One of the most significant conclusions, which answers the research questions regarding why and how to make a successful sMOOC, is that the design of collaborative activities increases the involvement of learners with the course and the interaction between participants, independent of age but dependent on area of work. This formative process in turn generates transfer of learning together with the embedded pedagogical transformation in e-teachers. This validates the addition of the transferMOOC (tMOOC) model to the existing typologies of MOOCs.