Combatting Visual Fake News with a Professional Fact-Checking Tool in Education in France, Romania, Spain and Sweden

Nygren, Thomas; Guath, Mona; Axelsson, Anton; Frau‐Meigs, Divina

doi:10.3390/info12050201

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Insights from this study were a solid basis for an educational design that yielded noteworthy results from using the digital tool in classrooms. Insights from teachers helped us design a cross-national intervention with significant effects on students' attitudes and abilities to fact-check disinformation (Nygren et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teachers’ views on disinformation and media literacy supported by a tool designed for professional fact-checkers: perspectives from France, Romania, Spain and Sweden

et al. 2022

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The current media eco-system has become more and more polluted by the various avatars of “fake news”. This buzz term has been widely used by academics, experts, teachers and ordinary people, in an attempt to understand and address the phenomenon of information disorder in the new media environment. However, studies have rarely questioned what teachers, key stakeholders in the media literacy field, actually understand by “fake news”, and to what extent the new digital tools available to fact-check are actually viable solutions to fight disinformation actively. In this context, we conducted focus groups (N = 34 people interviewed in 4 focus groups) with teachers in four countries (France, Romania, Spain and Sweden), in order to assess their understanding of “fake news”, as well as their perception of possible measures to combat the phenomenon, with a particular focus on digital tools. The findings show that the understanding of the concept of “fake news” differs from one country to the other, but also within the same country, with a common feature across countries: intention to deceive. Additionally, respondents identified lack of media and information literacy (MIL) in education as a major gap for combatting information disorders. Furthermore, they find that the use of digital tool for professional fact-checking needs to be repurposed or followed by pedagogical instructions to fit into the complexity of educational practices. Our findings highlight possible solutions for MIL in education using a combination of technocognition and transliteracy as theoretical framework and scaffolded pedagogical design for better adoption of fact-checking techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teachers’ views on disinformation and media literacy supported by a tool designed for professional fact-checkers: perspectives from France, Romania, Spain and Sweden

et al. 2022

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“…Fact-checking has also been studied beyond journalism, specifically its influence on the evaluation of political messages [41], and its effectiveness correcting political misinformation, which has already been the subject of a meta-analysis [42] and a review analysis [43] focused on the US context. The application of professional fact-checking tools and procedures in media literacy in schools is another area of interest [44,45].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spanish Fact-Checking Services: An Approach to Their Business Models

et al. 2021

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The proliferation of fact-checking services is a fast-growing global phenomenon, especially in Western countries. These services are the response of journalism to disinformation, that has transformed a common internal procedure of journalistic work in the core of a business directed to the general public, also offered to the companies of mass media and social media. Literature review shows that the research on fact-checking has focused on the origin, funding, relationship with the media, procedures, and experiences related to politics and COVID-19. However, the ownership structure of the fact-checking services has been superficially analysed and the business model of these platforms has not yet been studied in detail and depth. The objective of this article is to identify and analyse the business model of the nine Spanish active fact-checking services through a documentary research of public information sources and the information that these services give about themselves. This paper explains their ownership structure and income provenance, from open information sources. The findings are that the fact-checking services that depend on media groups are no strangers to the trend of opacity usual in these groups, but in the case of fact-checking services that are born as initiatives of journalists, the trend towards transparency is, in the majority of cases, clear. However, the information provided by the Spanish fact-checking services is deficient and does not allow us to discover their business models, except in the case of Newtral and, to a certain extent, Maldita.

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“…For example, Zhang et al ( 33 ) revealed that the use of pictures was negatively related to the veracity of rumors. Nonetheless, visuals may not be related to the veracity of the rumors because rumormongers often included pictures or videos that were not associated with the events ( 78 – 80 ) or used fake pictures or videos ( 48 , 76 , 81 ) as evidence to imitate the practice of news reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content characteristics predict the putative authenticity of COVID-19 rumors

Zhao

Kang

2022

Front. Public Health

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Rumors regarding COVID-19 have been prevalent on the Internet and affect the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using 1,296 COVID-19 rumors collected from an online platform (piyao.org.cn) in China, we found measurable differences in the content characteristics between true and false rumors. We revealed that the length of a rumor's headline is negatively related to the probability of a rumor being true [odds ratio (OR) = 0.37, 95% CI (0.30, 0.44)]. In contrast, the length of a rumor's statement is positively related to this probability [OR = 1.11, 95% CI (1.09, 1.13)]. In addition, we found that a rumor is more likely to be true if it contains concrete places [OR = 20.83, 95% CI (9.60, 48.98)] and it specifies the date or time of events [OR = 22.31, 95% CI (9.63, 57.92)]. The rumor is also likely to be true when it does not evoke positive or negative emotions [OR = 0.15, 95% CI (0.08, 0.29)] and does not include a call for action [OR = 0.06, 95% CI (0.02, 0.12)]. By contrast, the presence of source cues [OR = 0.64, 95% CI (0.31, 1.28)] and visuals [OR = 1.41, 95% CI (0.53, 3.73)] is related to this probability with limited significance. Our findings provide some clues for identifying COVID-19 rumors using their content characteristics.

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Combatting Visual Fake News with a Professional Fact-Checking Tool in Education in France, Romania, Spain and Sweden

Cited by 26 publications

References 61 publications

Teachers’ views on disinformation and media literacy supported by a tool designed for professional fact-checkers: perspectives from France, Romania, Spain and Sweden

Teachers’ views on disinformation and media literacy supported by a tool designed for professional fact-checkers: perspectives from France, Romania, Spain and Sweden

Spanish Fact-Checking Services: An Approach to Their Business Models

Content characteristics predict the putative authenticity of COVID-19 rumors

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