The high prevalence of infectious disease in Indonesia causes increased use of antibiotics. It has serious consequences since it can cause germicidal resistance rapidly increased, significant morbidity and mortality, as well as high additional medical costs per year. This study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic use inpatients in the internal medicine ward of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in Lampung Province. This research was observational (non-experimental) with a descriptive evaluative research design. The data were obtained from the retrospective tracing of medical records that collected by a purposive sampling technique on July-December 2017. A total of 163 inclusion samples are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative analysis uses standard guidelines for the use of antibiotics and quantitative analysis uses the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC)/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method. The results showed that out of 168 medical records, 19 types of antibiotics were used with a 118.57 DDD value of 100 patient days. The most widely prescribed was ceftriaxone (49.09%). The highest number of infections was diabetic ulcers with an incidence of 42 cases (25%). Out of 168 evaluated cases, 166 cases (98.8%) were appropriate indication, 168 cases (100%) were appropriate patients, 150 cases (89,29%) were appropriate medication, and 89 cases (52,97%) were appropriate dosage. These results indicated that the use of antibiotics inpatients in the internal medicine ward of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in Lampung Province were rational but it was necessary to consider selectivity regarding the choice of antibiotic use for infected patients.
Nuts have long been known as a complementary source of protein with whole grains, such as rice and wheat. One of the many types of nuts that widely available are green beans. Utilization of waste such as coconut water and rice washing water as an additional substance of the plant fertilizer needs to be improved given the high levels of nutrients that can be beneficial to the plant. This study aims to analyze the protein in wheat sprouts green beans (Phaseolus aureus L.) that germinated using the Water, Rice Washing Water and Coconut Water. Wheat sprouts green beans were analyzed qualitatively with the ninhydrin test, Millon test, and biuret test, then quantitatively analyzed by the Kjeldahl method included the destruction process, distillation and titration. The results showed that protein content of wheat sprouts for wheat germination using water 28,50% w/w, protein content in wheat germination using washed rice water 31,19% w/w, and protein content in wheat germination using coconut water 32,06% w/w. The highest protein contained in wheat germ on the germination use coconut water 32,06% w/w.
The treatment of diabetic neuropathy pain has not possessed an explicit guideline therapy yet, due to the difference perception towards the respond of pain from certain individu. In indonesia, the data regarding factors that could affect clinical outcome of pain are still limited to the meassurement of tolerance, perception, and sensitivity of certain pain. This study aims to describe the clinical outcome of pain along with the affected factors for diabetic neuropathy patients in Internal Medicine Clinics of Yogyakarta City General Hospital. The design of this This study is an analytical descriptive with cross sectional approach to 81 patients of diabetic neuropathy pain. The pain level measurement of patient is conducted with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Instrument. The obtained data are analyzed statistically by applying Chi Square and logistical regression analysis. The results of this study showed that 60 patients (74,07%) had reached clinical outcome of pain, and 21 patients (25,93%) had not reached clinical outcome of pain. Factors that affecting clinical outcome of pain to diabetic neuropathy patients were BMI non-obesity (p = 0.043), period of diabetic less than 5 year (p = 0.022), anticonvulsant consuming (p = 0.039), and neurotropic vitamin (p = 0.002). According to the result of multivariate analysis by applying logistical regression test, neurotropic vitamin was claimed as the most influential factor towards clinical outcome of neuropathy pain to diabetic neuropathy patients with p = 0.013, OR = 11.109, and Cl = (1,668-73,970).
Provinsi Lampung merupakan penghasil pisang terbesar dengan jumlah sebanyak 1,48 juta ton atau 21,59 % dari total produksi pisang nasional. Jenis pisang yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat adalah pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca var.sapientum.), namun pemanfaatan pisang sebagai bahan obat, kosmetik maupun pangan masih terbatas pada buahnya dan pengolahan bagian lainnya yang berupa limbah seperti kulit buah masih sedikit. Kulit pisang dilaporkan memiliki khasiat sebagai antioksidan, antikolesterol, antinyeri, antidiare, anti hipertensi, dan antihiperglikemi. Melihat besarnya potensi dari kulit pisang, maka diperlukan studi untuk memanfaatkan kulit pisang ambon sebagai sediaan masker gel peel-off yang stabil, berefek, dan aman. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode Diphenylhydrazylpicryl (DPPH). Formulasi masker gel dibuat dengan basis Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) dengan konsentrasi 10%. Evaluasi sediaan masker gel meliputi pengamatan perubahan konsistensi, warna, bau, pH, dan viskositas selama 28 hari pada suhu penyimpanan yang berbeda, yaitu pada suhu 4◦C dan 27◦C. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit pisang ambon memiliki IC50 sebesar 13,542 ppm. Dari hasil uji fisik menunjukkan bahwa formula 2 memiliki syarat yang paling baik sebagai sediaan masker. Hasil evaluasi aktivitas antioksidan, ketiga formula masker memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang baik (IC50<50), namun formula yang disimpan dalam suhu 4◦C memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih baik.
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