Objectives:Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees originates from India and grows widely in many areas in Southeast Asian countries. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees has shown an antidiabetic effect in type 1 DM rats. The present study investigates the purified extract of the plant and its active compound andrographolide for antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects in high-fructose-fat-fed rats, a model of type 2 DM rats.Materials and Methods:Hyperglycemia in rats was induced by high-fructose-fat diet containing 36% fructose, 15% lard, and 5% egg yolks in 0.36 g/200 gb.wt. 55 days. The rats were treated with the extract or test compound on the 50th day. Antidiabetic activity was measured by estimating mainly the pre– and postprandial blood glucose levels and other parameters such as cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, and body weight.Results:The purified extract and andrographolide significantly (P<0.05) decreased the levels of blood glucose, triglyceride, and LDL compared to controls. However, no changes were observed in serum cholesterol and rat body weight. Metformin also showed similar effects on these parameters.Conclusions:Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees or its active compound andrographolide showed hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in high-fat-fructose-fed rat.

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Animal models of diabetes mellitus were made and used in laboratorium according to the pathology of diabetic patient and its complications. Animal models of diabetes mellitus were designed by two methods: induced method such as pancreatectomy, chemicals (diabetogenic), viruses, and spontaneous method such BB (bio breeding) rats and NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice. The techniques of animal models of diabetes mellitus frequently used in the research were usage of diabetogenic such as alloxan and streptozotocin. Alloxan and its reduction metabolite (dialuric acid) establish a redox cycle and form superoxide radicals, and they undergo dismutation to hydrogen peroxide. By Fenton reaction, the formation of reactive hydroxyl radicals was stimulated. These radicals with high concentration of cytosolic calcium cause rapid destruction of β cells. Besides, streptozotocin enters the β cell through a glucose transporter (GLUT2), and stimulates superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals which in turn causes rapid destruction of β cells. Streptozotocin also releases toxic amounts of nitric oxide that inhibits aconitase activity and contributes in DNA damage. . © 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: animal models, diabetes mellitus, alloxan, streptozotocin. PENDAHULUANPercobaan mengenai diabetes mellitus dengan menggunakan hewan percobaan didasarkan pada patogenesis penyakit tersebut pada manusia. Penelitian menggunakan hewan percobaan yang dibuat secara patologis menderita diabetes mellitus, telah banyak penemuan mengenaii bermacam-macam diagnosa, terapi maupun obat-obat yang digunakan dalam penanganan penyakit diabetes mellitus. Meskipun demikian, kondisi patologis hewan percobaan tersebut tidak sepenuhnya menggambarkan kondisi patologis secara riil pada manusia. Hal ini disebabkan karena beberapa hal antara lain : perbedaan kondisi fisiologi, perbedaan patologis dari beberapa model diabetes mellitus, ragamnya penyakit diabetes mellitus, serta aadanya komplikasi yang menyertai dari penyakit tersebut. Menurut Cheta (1998), berdasarkan cara pembuatannya, hewan percobaan diabetes mellitus dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu : (1) terinduksi (induced), misalnya melalui pankreaktomi, senyawa kimia (diabetogenik) dan virus; (2) spontan (spontaneous), misalnya menggunakan tikus BB (bio breeding) atau mencit NOD (non-obese diabetic). Spontaneous animal models mempunyai karakteristik yang relatif sama dengan kondisi diabetes mellitus pada manusia meliputi gejalagejala penyakit, imunologi, genetik maupun karakteristik klinik lainnya. Pada tulisan ini akan disajikan macammacam hewan percobaan diabetes mellitus, dan selanjutnya akan ditekankan pada mekanisme molekular dua diabetogenik yang sering digunakan yaitu streptozotosin dan aloksan. DIABETES MELLITUS DefinisiDiabetes diturunkan dari bahasa Yunani yaitu diabêtês yang berarti pipa air melengkung (syphon). Diabetes dinyatakan sebagai keadaan di mana terjadi produksi urin yang melimpah pada penderita (Lawrence, 1994). Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan suat...

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