The high prevalence of infectious disease in Indonesia causes increased use of antibiotics. It has serious consequences since it can cause germicidal resistance rapidly increased, significant morbidity and mortality, as well as high additional medical costs per year. This study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic use inpatients in the internal medicine ward of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in Lampung Province. This research was observational (non-experimental) with a descriptive evaluative research design. The data were obtained from the retrospective tracing of medical records that collected by a purposive sampling technique on July-December 2017. A total of 163 inclusion samples are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative analysis uses standard guidelines for the use of antibiotics and quantitative analysis uses the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC)/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method. The results showed that out of 168 medical records, 19 types of antibiotics were used with a 118.57 DDD value of 100 patient days. The most widely prescribed was ceftriaxone (49.09%). The highest number of infections was diabetic ulcers with an incidence of 42 cases (25%). Out of 168 evaluated cases, 166 cases (98.8%) were appropriate indication, 168 cases (100%) were appropriate patients, 150 cases (89,29%) were appropriate medication, and 89 cases (52,97%) were appropriate dosage. These results indicated that the use of antibiotics inpatients in the internal medicine ward of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek in Lampung Province were rational but it was necessary to consider selectivity regarding the choice of antibiotic use for infected patients.
The high prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia encourages studies related to how the quality of life of patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to measure the quality of life, identify, and explain factors related to the quality of life of patients with hypertension. The study design was an associative descriptive design using a cross-sectional study approach. The study subjects were all outpatient hypertensive patients from several health centers in Bandar Lampung. The instrument used in this study was the Indonesian SF-36. The data collected included the patient demographic characteristics, including gender, age, education, occupation, and marital status, and the fields related to the medical history of the study subjects, including the duration of hypertension, complications, and the number of antihypertensive drugs consumed. Data were analyzed using the bivariate analysis to see the association between two use of them. Multivariate analysis was conducted to study the association of several independent variables with one or several dependent variables. The results of the univariate analysis showed that age, marital status, duration of illness, complications, and the number of drugs consumed affected the quality of life of hypertensive patients (p<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the factors of age, marital status, and duration of hypertension were factors that influenced the physical domain. In contrast, whereas gender, marital status, duration of hypertension, complications, and the number of drugs were influential factors in the mental domain.
Objective: In national health insurance (JKN) era, pharmacy can play roles in the form of behind refer pharmacies, or networking pharmacy and clinic pharmacy pratama. Behind refer pharmacies drug cost can be claimed directly to BPJS, meanwhile for the other type of pharmacy have to negotiation first with the primary health care. Drug cost variations in the JKN era affect the profitability of the business pharmacies. This research aims to the drug percentage charges against capitation and variety of drug costs. Methods:This research is analytic observational cross-sectional. This research uses secondary data from a JKN prescription patient. This research was conducted on 6 affiliated pharmacies, 6 networking pharmacies, and 7 clinical pharmacy pratama in DIY. The sampling in this research is by purposive with 8.430 prescriptions. Data drug costs JKN era was analyzed by descriptive statistics and comparative test (Kruskal Wallis test). Results:The result showed that average percentage of drug costs for capitation fee in the networking pharmacy is 13.58% and primary health care is 15.91%. Pharmacy in JKN era has drug cost variations (p=0.000). Drug cost in JKN era depends on the pattern of play roles with the health facilities and BPJS. The average percentage of drug costs against capitation health facilities in networking pharmacy is lower than clinical pharmacy pratama. Conclusions:Drug costs in an era of JKN depending on the pattern of cooperation with health facilities pharmacies and BPJS. The average percentage of the cost of drugs to the pharmacy capitation health facilities in networking lower than clinic pharmacy pratama. Differences in drug costs JKN era influenced by the long days of drug administration, the number of prescription sheets, margin.
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