No abstract

Aims: To estimate dementia prevalence and describe the etiology of dementia in a community sample from the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A sample of subjects older than 60 years was screened for dementia in the first phase. During the second phase, the diagnostic workup included a structured interview, physical and neurological examination, laboratory exams, a brain scan, and DSM-IV criteria diagnosis. Results: Mean age was 71.5 years (n = 1,563) and 58.3% had up to 4 years of schooling (68.7% female). Dementia was diagnosed in 107 subjects with an observed prevalence of 6.8%. The estimate of dementia prevalence was 12.9%, considering design effect, nonresponse during the community phase, and positive and negative predictive values. Alzheimer’s disease was the most frequent cause of dementia (59.8%), followed by vascular dementia (15.9%). Older age and illiteracy were significantly associated with dementia. Conclusions: The estimate of dementia prevalence was higher than previously reported in Brazil, with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia being the most frequent causes of dementia. Dementia prevalence in Brazil and in other Latin American countries should be addressed by additional studies to confirm these higher dementia rates which might have a sizable impact on countries’ health services.

RESUMO -Objetivo:Investigar se a combinação de uma escala de avaliação funcional com um teste cognitivo poderia melhorar a precisão do diagnóstico de demência. Método: Foram avaliados 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de demência leve a moderada, segundo critérios da CID-10 e DSM-III-R e 46 controles idosos, divididos em grupos segundo seu nível socioeconômico e educacional (alto, médio e baixo). Nos sujeitos foi aplicado o MMSE, e em seus informantes as escalas IQCODE e B-ADL. Resultados: Pela regressão logística, o MMSE isolado classificou corretamente 86,8% dos pacientes e controles (sensibilidade 80% e especificidade 91,3%). A combinação MMSE + IQCODE classificou corretamente 92,1% dos sujeitos (sensibilidade 83,3% e especificidade de 97,8%), e a combinação MMSE + B-ADL classificou corretamente 92,1% dos sujeitos (sensibilidade 86,7% e especificidade 95,7%). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a combinação de um teste cognitivo a escalas funcionais pode melhorar a detecção de casos leves ou moderados de demência, mesmo em amostras de população heterogênea com relação ao nível sócio-econômico e educacional como a brasileira.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Demência, diagnóstico, teste cognitivo, escalas funcionais. Combined instruments on the evaluation of dementia in the elderly: preliminary results ABSTRACT -Objective:To determine if a functional scale combined with a cognitive test would improve the diagnostic accuracy of dementia. Method: Thirty patients with mild to moderate dementia, diagnosed according to ICD-10 and DSM-III-R criteria, and 46 elderly controls, divided into three groups according to their socioeconomic status and educational level (high, medium and low) were investigated. The subjects were assessed with the MMSE, and their informants were assessed with the scales IQCODE and B-ADL. Results: On the logistic regression, the MMSE isolated classified correctly 86.8% of patients and controls (80% sensitivity and 91.3% specificity). The combination MMSE + IQCODE classified correctly 92.1% of the subjects (83.3% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity), and the combination MMSE + B-ADL classified correctly 92.1% of subjects (86.7% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity). Conclusion: The results suggest that the combination of a cognitive test with a functional scale can improve the detection of mild to moderate cases of dementia even on samples of a very heterogeneous population regarding its socioeconomic status and educational level, as the Brazilian. Novas estratégias terapêuticas têm surgido no tratamento da síndrome demencial e em especial da doença de Alzheimer, retardando a progressão dessa doença e possibilitando melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes e seus familiares. Essas novas abordagens terapêuticas e a pesquisa de fatores de risco para demência, em estudos epidemiológicos, têm estimulado a busca de instrumentos de rastreio, que permitam identificar na prática clínica e na comunidade os casos leves dessa doença. Infelizmente, muitos dos testes neuropsicológicos usados são extensos, muito complicados, ou nece...

No abstract

CFI prevalence results were similar to those found by studies in Brazil, Puerto Rico and Malaysia. Cognitive and functional impairment is a rather heterogeneous condition which may be associated with various clinical conditions found in the elderly population. Due to its high prevalence and association with higher mortality and disability rates, this clinical syndrome should receive more attention on public health intervention planning.