Human development has a direct impact on the economic well-being and competitiveness of a country. Among the positive trends, it should be noted that over the period from 2010 to 2017 in the Republic of Bashkortostan, the number of pupils of preschool educational organizations increased by 41%, the number of teachers in them increased by 12%, the proportion of teachers with higher professional education increased from 43% to 58 % However, in the region, there is a decrease in the prestige of working in schools (a decrease in the number of teachers was 19% with an increase in the number of students by 6%); in-state educational organizations implementing programs for training mid-level specialists, the number of teachers decreased by 14%, with a general decrease in the number of students by 2% and admission by 3%. A decrease in the number of universities by 33% was accompanied by a decrease in the number of students by 35% and a decrease in the number of faculty by 33%. A decrease in interest in scientific activity is accompanied by a reduction in the number of graduate students by 44%, and a decrease in admission to graduate school by 61% and a fourfold reduction in the number of defense of dissertations after graduation. The demographic decline and the decline in the prestige of higher education deteriorate human resources. There is no migration increase, a significant part of the migration loss is made up by migrants with higher education, the population of the republic is aging, and the number of able-bodied people is decreasing. The unemployment rate is falling, however, the proportion of unemployed with higher education is growing. Certain measures for the development of human capital in the region are taken by the state. Budget expenditures on education in the Republic of Bashkortostan and Russia as a whole increase, national projects, and federal programs are launched to develop regions, attract highly qualified specialists (teachers, doctors, especially in rural areas) and increase investment attractiveness. The results of these measures can be evaluated in the future, in the medium and long term.
The article reveals the methodological aspects of training a new generation of managers in universities. In modern conditions in higher education theoretical and practical education of managers is required, as well as formation of their professional culture demonstrated in developed soft skills. However, in Russian society the traditional type of managerial culture prevails, which is demonstrated in spontaneous recruitment. As a scientific-theoretical and methodological basis of this research, the authors use system, dialectical, activity, phenomenological approaches, methods of applied sociological research. The article justifies that the effectiveness of management is associated with the level of development of intellectual potential of managerial personnel and its improvement is carried out through the implementation of professional, innovative, moral, information sub potential. Modern university training of managerial personnel reflects the contradiction between the traditional model of education and new requirements of the society, connected with modernization processes. Growing public intellectual activity requires managers to create new forms, methods and mechanisms of management. In these conditions, one of the mechanisms of management is a purposeful construction of managerial culture of young people as a future subject of management in the system of higher education. The development of the ability to improve internally is an important task of modern Russian management. The principle of subject-subject vertical and horizontal relations in knowledge management implies a shift of emphasis to self-organization. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account not only learning opportunities, but also self-learning. Academic training for management activities includes a combination of research and applied activities supplemented by the study of disciplines with a social and humanitarian orientation. In this connection, there is a need to train a new generation of professional managers capable of innovations, creative, constructive management activities, which are based on a fundamentally different culture of education management and personnel policy. Keywords: intellectual potential, culture, knowledge, management, higher education, professional training of managers
Спрос и предложение на рынке высшего образования подвержены влиянию различных факторов, от рождаемости и государственной политики до покупательской способности граждан и глобальных изменений на рынке труда. Выявление этих факторов и прогнозирование их влияния является сложной задачей, на решение которой направлены силы государственных чиновников в области образования, а также силы административно-управленческого персонала каждого высшего учебного заведения в отдельности. В целях повышения экономической эффективности образовательной деятельности высшие учебные заведения применяют определенные стратегии, оперируя такими переменными, как стоимость обучения, уровень вступительных входных барьеров и требования к студентам в ходе учебного процесса. Выбор той или иной стратегии в долгосрочной перспективе ведет к определенным положительным и отрицательным последствиям для конкретного вуза, системы высшего образования и рынка труда. Чтобы избежать негативных последствий, вузам необходимо сосредоточить усилия на росте качества предоставляемых образовательных услуг, стратегическом маркетинге, брендинге и работе над репутацией. Как показывает зарубежная и российская практика, такой подход ведет к повышению экономической эффективности образовательных учреждений без снижения качества образовательных услуг.
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