Education Development Tendencies in the Region (Based on Bashkortostan Republic Materials)

Abstract

Human development has a direct impact on the economic well-being and competitiveness of a country. Among the positive trends, it should be noted that over the period from 2010 to 2017 in the Republic of Bashkortostan, the number of pupils of preschool educational organizations increased by 41%, the number of teachers in them increased by 12%, the proportion of teachers with higher professional education increased from 43% to 58 % However, in the region, there is a decrease in the prestige of working in schools (a decrease in the number of teachers was 19% with an increase in the number of students by 6%); in-state educational organizations implementing programs for training mid-level specialists, the number of teachers decreased by 14%, with a general decrease in the number of students by 2% and admission by 3%. A decrease in the number of universities by 33% was accompanied by a decrease in the number of students by 35% and a decrease in the number of faculty by 33%. A decrease in interest in scientific activity is accompanied by a reduction in the number of graduate students by 44%, and a decrease in admission to graduate school by 61% and a fourfold reduction in the number of defense of dissertations after graduation. The demographic decline and the decline in the prestige of higher education deteriorate human resources. There is no migration increase, a significant part of the migration loss is made up by migrants with higher education, the population of the republic is aging, and the number of able-bodied people is decreasing. The unemployment rate is falling, however, the proportion of unemployed with higher education is growing. Certain measures for the development of human capital in the region are taken by the state. Budget expenditures on education in the Republic of Bashkortostan and Russia as a whole increase, national projects, and federal programs are launched to develop regions, attract highly qualified specialists (teachers, doctors, especially in rural areas) and increase investment attractiveness. The results of these measures can be evaluated in the future, in the medium and long term.