-In two simultaneous experiments, we evaluated the impact of brackish irrigation water and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the production of citrus (scion-rootstock combinations) and its associated gas exchanges. These experiments were conducted at the Campus of Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil in a protected environment (shade screens on the sides) using drainage lysimeters. Experiment I used a randomized block design (3 replicates), in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement, corresponding to five water salinity levels (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2. . For both experiments, gas exchanges and mean mass of fruits were evaluated at harvest. Gas exchanges were inhibited in plants under saline stress. Plants grafted with Common Rangpur lime showed greater production potential than did the other genotypes studied, even under brackish water conditions.
The high salt concentrations found in irrigation formation of water in semi-arid regions lead to changes on crops growth and development and can lead to halomorphicsoils formation. In this context, it was proposed to evaluate the morphophysiology and production of colored herbaceous cotton BRS Topaz fertilized with nitrogen under a saline-sodic soil and submitted to the irrigation with water of different salinities. The experiment was conducted in an eutrophic sandy quartzarênico Neossol in the municipality of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, adopting a completely randomized design in 5x5 factorial with three repetitions, with five salinity levels of the the irrigation water (0 7; 2.7; 4.7; 6.7 and 8.7 dS m-1 at 25°C) and five levels of nitrogen (40; 60; 80; 100 and 120 mg of N kg-1). Regarding cotton growth, no effect was observed for the interaction between salinity and soil nitrogen doses. The absolute growth rate for height, stem diameter and leaf area decreased with an increase in the irrigation water electrical conductivity, being leaf area the most affected variable.The number of bolls and the cotton seed production per plant decreased with the salinity increase and increased with in increase of nitrogen fertilization.
RESUMO O trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar os componentes de produção da cultura do girassol, submetida à irrigação com águas salinizadas e adubação nitrogenada. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido pertencente a Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, durante o período de abril a julho de 2012, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado usando o arranjo fatorial 5 x 5, referente aos níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação, expressas pelas condutividades elétricas: 0,7; 1,7; 2,7; 3,7 e 4,7 dS m-1 (25 oC) e as doses de nitrogênio: 50; 75; 100; 125 e 150 mg kg-1, com três repetições, totalizando 75 unidades experimentais. Avaliou-se o número total de aquênios, produção de aquênios, porcentagem de aquênios viáveis, porcentagem de fitomassa de aquênios viáveis, fitomassa do capitulo, fitomassa de 1000 aquênios, fitomassa seca da parte aérea e da raiz. A salinidade da água de irrigação afetou a produção de aquênios, número total de aquênios, porcentagem de número de aquênios viáveis, porcentagem de fitomassa de aquênios viáveis, fitomassa do capitulo, fitomassa de 1000 aquênios, fitomassa seca da parte aérea e da raiz, independentemente da dose de nitrogênio utilizada. As plantas de girassol cv. EMBRAPA 122-V2000 foram afetadas de forma distinta, tanto pela salinidade da água de irrigação, quanto pela adubação nitrogenada, embora não tenha ocorrido efeito significativo da interação entre os fatores. A aplicação de doses crescentes de nitrogênio promoveu aumento linear na produção de aquênios, número total de aquênios, fitomassa do capitulo e fitomassa seca da raiz.
Aiming to evaluate the water relations and gas exchange in castor bean cv. BRS Energia under salinity and cationic nature of irrigation water, an experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in an Ultisol Eutrophic of sandy loam texture. Treatments consisted of six combinations of water salinity (S 1-Control (supply water ECw=0.6 dS m-1
R E S U M ONa região semiárida do Nordeste do Brasil a reduzida disponibilidade hídrica e a ocorrência de solos pouco férteis, principalmente em potássio, estão entre os fatores que mais têm limitado a produção agrícola. Neste sentido objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a fitomassa e a produção do girassol cv. 'Hélio 251' em função da irrigação com diferentes níveis de reposição hídrica e adubação potássica sob condições de ambiente protegido do Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais da UFCG, Campina Grande, PB. Usou-se o delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados estudando-se cinco níveis de reposição hídrica (40, 60, 80 100 (testemunha) e 120% da evapotranspiração real-ETr) associada a doses de adubação potássica (50; 75; 100; 125 e 150% da recomendação de K 2 O para ensaios em vasos). Lâminas crescentes de água associadas a doses de potássio promoveram aumento na fitomassa seca de caule, da parte aérea e fitomassa seca de capítulo. Os máximos diâmetros externo e interno de capítulo do girassol ocorreram com lâminas variando de 99 a 120% da ETr. Os níveis de reposição hídrica até de 120% da ETr aumentaram de forma linear a massa de sementes total e a massa de cem sementes do girassol. A interação entre os níveis de reposição hídrica e doses de potássio afetou significativamente a fitomassa seca do caule, da parte aérea a do capítulo.Biomass and production of sunflower grown under different levels of water replenishment and potassium fertilization A B S T R A C TIn the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil, reduced water availability and the occurrence of soils of low fertility, mainly in potassium, are among the factors that have limited agricultural production. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass and yield of sunflower cv. 'Hélio 251' as a function of irrigation with different levels of water replenishment and potassium fertilization under protected ambient at the Center of Technology and Natural Resources UFCG, Campina Grande, PB. A randomized block design was used, studying five levels of water replacement (40, 60, 80 100 (control) and 120% of the real evapotranspiration-ETr) associated with potassium fertilizer levels (50, 75, 100 , 125 and 150% K 2 O of the recommendation for assays in pots). Increasing water levels associated with potassium doses caused increase in dry weight of stem, aerial parts and dry matter of chapter. The maximum external and internal diameters of sunflower chapter occurred with water depths ranging between 99-120% of ETr. Levels of water replenishments up to 120% of ETr linearly increased the total mass of the seeds and mass of hundred seeds of sunflower. The interaction between levels of water replacement and potassium doses significantly affected the dry matter of stem, shoot and the chapter. Palavras-chave:Helianthus annuus L. lâminas de irrigação potássio
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