This study aims to determine the effect of the principal's digital leadership on vocational teachers' reflection practice, mediated by the variables of trust, self-efficacy, and work involvement. This study uses path analysis with modeling using SEM (AMOS). The sample of this research is 637 (N=340 females and N=297 males) vocational high school teachers in Malang Raya, East Java, Indonesia. The researchers have used a purposive random sampling technique to meet the objectives of this research. The investigators have used a 86 item questionnaire to collect data on the studied variables. Based on the fit model's estimation, there is a direct and indirect relationship between the five variables used. The variables of trust, self-efficacy, and job involvement contributed significantly to intervening variables. It can be concluded that the moderating variable strengthens the framework for the relationship between digital leadership and teacher reflective practices. The new relationship formed is a direct contribution of digital leadership to work engagement with a magnitude of 0.120 and a direct relationship made between digital leadership and the reflective practice of teachers of 0.168. This relationship has a positive impact on teacher actions. These results indicate that the teacher appreciates the Principal's leadership, who both supports facilitates the learning process in using technology in the learning process. Moreover, teachers feel motivated and excited to reflect on their learning because of the leaders who have digital characters. The teacher considered leaders with digital personalities more open and tended to free them to manage the class.

Enhancing the quality of student competencies effectively cannot be separated from the development of learning resources through technological innovation. In-teractive multimedia is an innovative learning resource that can be integrated with Project-Based Learning, which is a solution to the problems that occur for 2D Animation Making. The purpose of this study is to develop interactive multime-dia and assess the effectiveness of its application in Project-Based Learning (PjBL) for 2D animation making. The researchers applied the Research and De-velopment method using the 4D model. This study was conducted at the Univer-sitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, with a total of 66 students of Information Tech-nology Education. Based on the results of the study, validation by material and media experts showed that interactive multimedia learning media is excellent and feasible to use. The effectiveness of the application of interactive multimedia in PjBL has a significant positive effect on learning achievement for making 2D an-imations.

Generally, the higher education institutions and students have been significantly increased from year to years in order to meet the needs of global labor and develop the country's economy better. On the other hand, they also carry out teaching, research, community service, and commercial activities. This diversity of activities creates more risks diverse and complex as well as a wealth of opportunities for higher education institutions. A solution considered is by implementing the risk management as a new concept to understand and manage the risks associated with those activities and making new opportunities, is challenging and critical to preserving and protecting reputation, and resources of institutions. This article discussed the importance of the role of risk management and to implement a risk-management program in higher education institutions that have high expectations as a world-class education institution. The risk-management program is also more optimal if it supported by a good communication between all leaders and staffs in the organizational environment.

kecerdasan visual spasial memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada menggambar teknik yang didukung oleh faktor kemandirian siswa dalam proses belajar. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kecerdasan visual spasial dan kemandirian belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Gambar Teknik. Desain penelitian ini adalah korelasi dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 82 siswa kelas X Teknik Pemesinan di SMK Turen. Teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah tes, angket, dan dokumentasi. Analisis datanya menggunakan statistik regresi linier dan berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan visual spasial dan kemandirian belajar siswa tergolong tinggi pada mata pelajaran Gambar Teknik. Masing-masing variabel memiliki hubungan dan pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai hasil belajar siswa yang berkriteria tinggi. Sehingga, ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa masing-masing variabel secara simultan berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar. Kata-kata Kunci: kecerdasan visual spasial, kemandirian belajar, hasil belajar

The research aimed to develop Android-based teaching material to improve the understanding of Software Engineering of Informatics Engineering students whose validity and effectiveness are measured. The method used in this paper is Research and Development (R&D) with the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model which is used to develop An-droid-based teaching material. The validity of teaching material product has con-firmed by media experts and material experts in their fields. The effectiveness of the product was measured through the post-test only control group design with two groups of Informatics Engineering students in Higher Education involving 57 people. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and tests, with descriptive analysis for the results of the validation of teaching material and pilot tests and t-tests for testing the effectiveness of teaching material. The results showed that Android-based teaching material is easy to use and has video tutorial features and quiz menus that provide direct feedback to users, so teaching materi-al can be applied as a valid and effective learning media in increasing student un-derstanding of Software Engineering material which has never been applied in the research location so far. Based on the results obtained, further research can be carried out on a broader subject and pay attention to other aspects such as increasing motivation and metacognitive students of Informatics Engineering.

Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) of teacher candidates for vocational high school is essential to follow the development of industrial revolution 4.0. A teacher is not only to be prepared to have content knowledge and pedagogy, but they also need to collaborate on technologies in their teaching and learning later. All of them need to be integrated to provide an impact on the optimization of teaching and learning outcomes. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine TPACK condition and to map it by its data collection using survey research method with a quantitative approach. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result showed that generally prospective vocational high school teachers have moderate TPACK. Teacher candidates' educational courses need to be developed based on TPACK condition and its implementation to improve their skills so they will be able to use technologies to maximize in their teaching and learning to follow industrial revolution 4.0.

Abstract-Industrial internship program (IIP) has been widely recognized in many developed countries. This program has shown a contribution to the improvement of labor market outcomes for their country's economic development. This is demonstrated by the quality of job performance of vocational education graduates in the workplace. One of IIP successes is because it has implemented effectively by vocational education and industries supported by the government to provide employability skills to their students. Indonesia as one of the developing countries has also implemented IIP in vocational education both at the levels of higher education and high school, but this program indicated that the contribution of IIP was very minimal to provide work experience directly to the students. This is happening because of different understanding between education and industry how to develop IIP for preparing students' employability skills. Furthermore, to solve this issue, an understanding to develop sustainable IIP in Indonesia will be explained in this paper.

Various efforts have been made by the government in improving the quality of vocational education in Indonesia. However, some research has been conducted by overseas institutions shows that the quality of teachers and graduates of vocational education still low performance. In order to address this issue, researchers used literature review to provide a solution regarding what is needed to be understood for becoming actual vocational education teachers in the 21st century. The aim of this study is teachers in vocational education must have competencies to produce competitive and competent graduates of vocational education in Indonesia with the needs of the labor market in the global market. In Indonesia, the study recommends that to become a professional vocational teacher of the 21st century, they must understand the foundations of vocational teacher's education, the competences of vocational teachers of the 21st century, the processes of vocational teacher education, and update knowledge and skills for competencies of vocational teachers according to industrial needs.