Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly in many countries. This pandemic has led to short-term as well as long-term psychosocial and mental health implications for all family members. The magnitude of family resilience is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, preexisting mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection. Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and ProQuest were searched from the inception of the pandemic to December 31, 2020. Articles were screened for inclusion by Authors. Results: After exclusion, there were eight studies included in the analysis with 165,515 participants. The literature review demonstrated that pandemic has caused mental health problems such as anxiety, stress, and depression. Creating daily practices of gratitude is important to build family wellbeing. It is essential to have good and healthy communication and to find positive activities to do together among family members which can build a sense of togetherness, trust, cohesion, and happiness. Conclusion: In conclusion, the pandemic has caused unpredictable and uncertain impacts that can pose a threat to the wellbeing of the families. Pandemic has caused mental health problems such as anxiety, stress, and depression. A healthy relationship, communication, faith-based practices, a positive mindset, and building social support are adaptive coping to respond to the crisis and adversity together.

The elderly and their caregivers are at higher risk from Coronavirus Disease-2019, particularly for elderly with chronic health conditions. To prevent the transmission of the virus, those elderly issued strict physical distance, restricting most interactions between the elderly and their caregivers. On the other side, caregivers can serve as crucial and trusted partners in the elderly’s care to curb the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Hence, this study aims to analyze the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and the role of caregivers in providing services to the elderly during the outbreaks. A descriptive quantitative study was conducted from May to June 2020. The survey was utilizing Google Forms in four cities in Indonesia. A total of 317 out of 400 participants had completed the survey. The knowledge of the COVID-19 score was 79.50%, attitude 92.11%, and practice 90.54%. The caregivers’ role in protecting the elderly from COVID’s infection was about 98.42%. They could continue their routine activities during physical distancing 84.54%, treated elderly by not going to the hospital (60.04%), not visited any crowded place, wore masks and washed their hand after activity (87.38%). They agreed that government would finally successfully control COVID-19 (90.22%). This study concluded that the knowledge, attitude, practice and role of caregivers on COVID-19 effectively prevents the caregivers neglecting the elderly during the COVID-19 outbreak. Future information on elderly care need to consider not just the risks of the virus, but also the healthy lifestyle.

Frequent inter-spousal communication is regarded as an indicator of safe family planning practice. Nevertheless, communication about family planning within couples in Indonesia is still largely unexplored. This study assessed the levels of inter-spousal communication about family planning and its associated determinants, using cross-sectional and nationally representative data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), from a randomly selected cohort of 8,925 currently-married couples. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, inter-spousal communication behaviors, and attitudes regarding family planning were collected. The dependent variable in this study is how frequently couples discuss family planning, based on wives’ responses. The analyses were stratified based on the frequency of inter-spousal communication: never, once or twice, or more often. The results of the study were greater husband approval of family planning and communication with family planning field workers, and that those encouraged inter-spousal communication in Indonesia.

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Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai sejauh mana pengaruh pemberian layanan KB terhadap unmet need pada wanita menikah usia 15-49 tahun. Unmet need merupakan fenomena dalam bidang kependudukan yang memerlukan penanganan serius dan segera karena dapat menghambat peningkatan CPR dan penurunan TFR. Pemberian layanan KB merupakan hal penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan seseorang untuk memilih dan menggunakan alat KB yang tepat sesuai dengan kebutuhannya (tidak terjadi unmet need). Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut data SDKI 2017, yang merupakan penelitian potong lintang pada wanita menikah usia 15-49 tahun. Jumlah sampel tersedia sebanyak 35.681 wanita. Analisis hubungan antara varaibel dependen dengan independen menggunakan uji chi square, dan pengaruh pemberian layanan KB terhadap unmet need diuji dengan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian layanan KB yang kurang terakses oleh wanita berpeluang 2,27 untuk mengalami kejadian unmet need dibandingkan dengan mereka yang mempunyai akses (95% CI: 1,95-2,64). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan, peningkatan akses ke pemberian layanan KB bagi wanita untuk memperoleh informasi KB dan layanan alat KB, terutama bagi mereka yang tidak bekerja, tinggal di perkotaan dan memiliki banyak anak.

Vasectomy is a highly effective male contraception. However, the 2007 to 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys reported no vasectomy cases in Bangka Belitung Islands. This study aimed to identify the number and its barriers to low vasectomy use in the Bangka Belitung Islands. The combination of qualitative and quantitative methods used in this study. This study utilized health clinics’ reports between 2015 and 2018 to identify whether or not vasectomy was executed in Bangka Belitung Islands. In-depth interviews were also carried out for medical practitioners, husbands, and wives to point out other crucial purposes of low vasectomy cases in the area. Vasectomy is regarded as a sexual displeasure contraceptive method. Those husbands had perceptions that vasectomy was similar to castration. They consider it as a sickening procedure. The wives perceived that vasectomy could make their husbands promiscuous. The misconceptions and stigma had been found as barriers for the low practice of vasectomy in the Islands. Reproductive health counseling for both husbands and wives need to be intensified to clarify those misconceptions about vasectomy. Vasectomy-specified campaign messages through various media channels should be conducted for couples in the area.

Using contraception is essential for protecting women from the risk of unintended pregnancy. However, contraceptive discontinuation, caused by side effects of contraceptives or health problems, is still high. This study aimed to assess the impact of injectable and pill contraception discontinuation due to side effects or health problems on unintended pregnancy among women aged 15-49 years in Indonesia. This study is based on the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. As many as 1,613 women who discontinued their oral contraceptives and 5,022 women who discontinued their injectables were followed retrospectively. Pregnancy rates were tested for differences between categories using survival analysis. It was found that one year after stopping contraceptives due to side effects, almost 16-17% of oral/injectable contraceptive users were already pregnant. The pregnancy rate was higher among women aged less than 25 years. Unplanned pregnancy occurred more frequently among women who were not working than women who were working. Counseling services need to be strengthened by improving provider knowledge and skills to give comprehensive information including contraceptives’ side effects.

The increasing number of Indonesian population has caused serious issue of open defecation. Indonesia ranks the second large of open defecation prevalence in the world, after India. Human’s excrement was disposed in trench, drain, terrace, grassland, backwoods, forest, river, lake or other open spaces, thus, contaminates the water system. Open defecation can lead to the increasing risk of transmission of water-boene diseases of child morbidity in Indonesia. This study aimed at exploring different socio-economic and demographic factors of Indonesians who practice open defecation. Data were obtained from 49,627 female respondents of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. The data were examined utilizing descriptive and logistic regression. The results reveal that the practice of open defecation is significantly influenced by place of residence, household’s wealth quintile, and household’s water supply. The findings suggest the needs for toilet construction and water supply sustainability in public area as well as in poor neighbourhood to eliminate open defecation in the country.