Open defecation: risk factors for adverse outcomes in Indonesia

Abstract

The increasing number of Indonesian population has caused serious issue of open defecation. Indonesia ranks the second large of open defecation prevalence in the world, after India. Human’s excrement was disposed in trench, drain, terrace, grassland, backwoods, forest, river, lake or other open spaces, thus, contaminates the water system. Open defecation can lead to the increasing risk of transmission of water-boene diseases of child morbidity in Indonesia. This study aimed at exploring different socio-economic and demographic factors of Indonesians who practice open defecation. Data were obtained from 49,627 female respondents of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. The data were examined utilizing descriptive and logistic regression. The results reveal that the practice of open defecation is significantly influenced by place of residence, household’s wealth quintile, and household’s water supply. The findings suggest the needs for toilet construction and water supply sustainability in public area as well as in poor neighbourhood to eliminate open defecation in the country.

Determinants of Open Defecation among Rural Women in Ghana: Analysis of 2003, 2008 and 2014 Demographic and Health Surveys

“…These results align with earlier studies carried out in Ghana 49.5% [24], and Benin 53.9% . However, the open defecation rates were greater than those recorded in Kenya 23.5% [32], Senegal 12.4% , Nigeria 24.5% [30] and Indonesia 28.5% [33], but lower than those observed in Niger 72.7% and Chad 70.6%, respectively . The variation in open defecation rates could be attributed to the differences in implementation frameworks, socioeconomic statuses, and study design approaches [34].…”

Status of Soil-transmitted Helminth after Implementation of School-based Deworming Programmes in Five Districts, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

“…Indonesia has the second most prevalent open defecation after India. 23 As we mentioned, in Balangan, the community has a habit of defecating in the river, and children go to school wearing flip-flops. A study in Northwest Ethiopia revealed that open defecation practices are associated with STH prevalence.…”