Abstract. Severe necrotizing myocarditis associated with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) infection and diffuse leukoencephalomalacia was recognized in a 4-week-old mongrel puppy. The cardiac lesions were characterized by severe diffuse myocardial degeneration and necrosis with occasional massive mineralization and distinct intranuclear inclusion bodies. Immunohistochemical examination revealed the presence of CPV-2 antigens in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of the myocytes. In the white matter of the cerebrum, moderate to severe diffuse necrosis with diffuse infiltration of gitter cells and occasional diffuse mineral deposits were recognized symmetrically and bilaterally. In the meningocortical area of the cerebellum, there was mild focal hemorrhage and accumulation of hemosiderin-laden histiocytes. In addition to the absence of viral antigen (as judged by immunohistochemistry), neither viral inclusions nor other vascular lesions were identified in examined sections of brain. These findings suggest that the brain lesions were not induced by direct CPV-2 infection but were related to severe myocardial lesions producing prolonged hypoxia and/or ischemia.Key words: Canine parvovirus; leukoencephalomalacia; myocarditis.Canine parvovirus (CPV) has been widely known as a pathogen of significant worldwide canine disease since 1978. 1 The virus, thought to be a mutation of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), is classified into several serotypes, CPV-1 (minute virus), CPV-2, CVP 2a, and CPV 2b. 13 Three forms of the disease are recognized, the enteric form, the cardiac form, and the neurologic form. 2,4,6 The lesions of the disease are readily identified by pathologists by the finding of severe necrotizing enteritis, nonsuppurative myocarditis, or disseminated necrotizing vasculitis 6,9 and the finding of intranuclear basophilic inclusion bodies in the intestinal cryptal epithelium, myocytes, and vascular endothelium. 1,[3][4][5]7,9 Only a few reports describe the neurologic form of CPV, which includes leukomalacia 6 and encephalitis. 2 In this report, we describe CPV-2 associated with massive necrotizing myocarditis and diffuse leukoencephalomalacia and discuss the possible pathogenesis of these lesions.A pregnant mongrel dog found lying on the road was immediately brought to a private animal hospital. At that time, she had begun to give birth to the first puppy. Although the first puppy was delivered with assistance and died the next day, the other four puppies were born spontaneously the next day. The remaining four puppies grew normally but were severely anemic when examined at 25 days of age. Three died within the next 4-5 days. A puppy that died at 27 days of age was submitted to our laboratory for necropsy. At necropsy, the mucosal layers of the eyelid and oral cavity, the subcutaneous tissues, and the internal organs were pale, including the heart, which was diffusely pale. There were no significant gross lesions in the brain except for a mild but diffuse edematous change. There were 15 adult ascarid parasites in t...

Neurons with histopathological changes consistent with granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) were found in brain sections from aged cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with clinical and pathological signs of cognitive aging. To our knowledge, this is the first reported description of GVD in non-human primates. GVD-like lesions were found also in age-matched cognitively healthy subjects, albeit in lower numbers, suggesting that they may relate to aging and the increase may have tendency to increase with the memory deficits. The increased incidence of GVD-like lesions in memory-impaired subjects with pahological backgrounds of senile plaques (SPs) and tauopathy is, however, an interesting observation of relevance to the characterization of pathologies in the spontaneous cynomolgus monkey model of human Alzheimer’s type of brain pathology.

ABSTRACT. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker from jellyfish Aequorea victoria is considered to have potential use in the study of host-pathogen relationships, by tracing infections in living cells, organs and animals. We compared the pathogenicity of Sendai virus with an inserted GFP gene (GFP-SeV) with that of its wild-type (Wt-SeV) to determine the usefulness of the recombinant virus in long-term infection of BALB/c nude (nu/nu) mice. The results indicated that the presence of GFP in infected cells could be analyzed easily and sensitively. GFP helped in identifying and in understanding the cellular sites of viral replication in vitro and in vivo. However, the GFP insertion into the Wt-SeV genome, led to decreased pathogenicity, altering the in vivo viral kinetics.-KEY WORDS: BALB/c nude (nu/nu) mouse, green fluorescent protein, recombinant Sendai virus.

Background and Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging zoonotic and foodborne pathogen worldwide. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) was reported as the causative agent of bovine mastitis. This is the first study in Indonesia that has been conducted to determine the capsular serotype of K. pneumoniae, pulmonary gross pathology and histopathology, and distribution of hvKp in the lungs of Aceh cattle. Materials and Methods: The presence of K. pneumoniae in Aceh cattle was investigated in two slaughterhouses in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Lung tissues with gross pathological lesions were collected from 15 cattle presenting with depression, dehydration, or cachexia. The confirmation and capsular serotyping of K. pneumoniae isolates were performed using polymerase chain reaction. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry to observe the histopathological lesions and the distribution of the hvKp antigens. Results: The pneumonic lesions identified in the lungs of Aceh cattle included hyperemia, hemorrhage, consolidation, and atelectasis. K. pneumoniae was isolated in all 15 lung tissues with pathological pneumonic lesions. Two patterns of infection were observed histopathologically. Acute infection was characterized by hyperemia, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, bronchiolar epithelium hyperplasia, bronchial and bronchiolar obstruction with purulent exudates, edema, and atelectasis. On the other hand, chronic infection was defined by macrophage infiltration, emphysema, bronchial dilatation, pleural fibrosis, and alveolar wall thickening by interstitial fibrosis. Immunohistochemical staining using monospecific antisera induced by the hvKp isolate confirmed the presence of K. pneumoniae-specific antigens in the acute infection, predominantly in the bronchiolar, vascular, and alveolar areas. In contrast, generally diffuse infiltrates were found in the pleura and interstitial alveolar areas in chronic infection. Conclusion: hvKp can be detected in the lungs of Aceh cattle, representing acute and chronic infections. The distribution of Klebsiella antigens in the lung tissue was consistent with the histopathological findings.

ABSTRAKSisa buangan aktivitas manusia dan limbah cair industri batik di sekitar perairan sungai diduga dapat meningkatkan akumulasi kromium dan mengganggu komunitas makrozoobentos yang hidup di sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak aktivitas manusia di sekitar badan sungai terhadap komunitas makrozoobentos dan akumulasi kromium di Sungai Cimanuk Lama, Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Penelitian telah dilakukan dari bulan AprilMei 2015 dengan tiga kali pengambilan sampel di tiga lokasi stasiun penelitian yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kandungan logam berat kromium pada air di semua stasiun masih memenuhi baku mutu dengan kisaran nilai 0,0100,016 mg/l, sedangkan untuk kromium dalam sedimen hanya stasiun 1 yang memenuhi baku mutu dengan kisaran nilai semua stasiun 11,7246,63 mg/kg. Hasil analisis indeks komunitas menggambarkan terjadinya perubahan komunitas makrozoobentos di semua stasiun akibat tekanan lingkungan terutama di stasiun 2 yang cenderung lebih buruk nilainya dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya. Hal ini terlihat dari tingginya nilai skoring Family Biotic Index yang diperoleh. Akumulasi kandungan kromium di lingkungan perairan dan perubahan struktur komunitas makrozoobentos yang terjadi dapat disebabkan oleh adanya aktivitas pemanfaatan aliran sungai di sekitar Sungai Cimanuk Lama seperti kegiatan pertanian, perikanan, dan kegiatan industri batik rumahan. ABSTRACTThe residue of human activities and batik industrial waste water surrounding the river will be able to increase the accumulation of chromium and to disrupt macrozoobenthic communities in the river. The aims of this study was to assess the impact of human activities surrounding the river to the macrozoobenthic communities and the accumulation of chromium in Cimanuk Lama River, Indramayu District, West Java. The study has been conducted from AprilMay 2015 based on three times sampling at three different sampling stations. The result of this study shows that the chromium accumulated in the waters of all station still meet the standard quality ranging from 0,0100,016 mg/l, but only station 1 fulfills the standard quality for chromium accumulated in the river sediment with the range of all stations was about 11,7246,63 mg/kg. The results also show that the community index analysis describes the change of macrozoobenthic community at all stations caused by environmental pressure, especially at the station 2 which is indicated by the highest score of Family Biotic Index. The accumulation of the chromium in the waters and the change of macrozoobenthic community structure are mostly influenced by the use of the Cimanuk Lama river long for agricultural and fisheries activities, and also batik home industry.

ABSTRACT. Apically and basally released Sendai viruses (SeV) were obtained after infection of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells grown on permeable membrane culture inserts. After 20 passages of adaptation in MDCK cells, we compared their in vivo and in vitro pathogenicity with the parental Mol-strain of SeV. These viruses had comparable in vitro pathogenicity, but the in vivo pathogenicities were varied. The apically released MDCK-adapted virus showed comparable pathogenicity with the parental virus, in contrast with the basally released MDCK-adapted virus, which showed in vivo attenuation.-KEY WORDS: bronchopneumonia, MDCK cell, mouse, polarized epithelial cell, Sendai virus.

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