Budidaya ikan merupakan bagian dari penyuplai utama ketersediaan ikan bagi masyarakat selain dari hasil tangkapan alam. Pertumbuhan kegiatan budidaya ikan yang sangat cepat di berbagai negara memungkinkan masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan protein hewani dari daging ikan. Seiring berjalannya kegiatan, budidaya ikan juga dapat menghasilkan produk sampingan berupa amonia yang dapat mengganggu sistem budidaya ikan. Hal ini dikarenakan amonia bersifat toksik bagi ikan di perairan. Terutama amonia dalam bentuk NH3, ion ini tidak bermuatan dan larut dalam lemak sehingga lebih mudah terserap dalam tubuh ikan dan menggganggu metabolisme. Kadar amonia dapat beracun bagi ikan yang dibudidayakan secara komersil pada konsentrasi diatas 1.5 mg/l, bahkan dalam kondisi ekstrim konsentrasi yang dapat diterima hanya 0.025 mg/l. Paper ini mereview profil dinamika amonia dalam air pada sistem budidaya ikan berdasarkan studi-studi yang telah ada. Perlunya manajemen kualitas air dalam sistem budidaya ikan yang dapat meminimalisir kadar amonia dalam air sehingga tidak bersifat toksik bagi ikan dan dapat meningkatkan jumlah produksi ikan dalam suatu siklus budidaya ikan.Kata kunci: Amonia, Sistem Budidaya, Toksisitas
ABSTRAKSisa buangan aktivitas manusia dan limbah cair industri batik di sekitar perairan sungai diduga dapat meningkatkan akumulasi kromium dan mengganggu komunitas makrozoobentos yang hidup di sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak aktivitas manusia di sekitar badan sungai terhadap komunitas makrozoobentos dan akumulasi kromium di Sungai Cimanuk Lama, Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Penelitian telah dilakukan dari bulan AprilMei 2015 dengan tiga kali pengambilan sampel di tiga lokasi stasiun penelitian yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kandungan logam berat kromium pada air di semua stasiun masih memenuhi baku mutu dengan kisaran nilai 0,0100,016 mg/l, sedangkan untuk kromium dalam sedimen hanya stasiun 1 yang memenuhi baku mutu dengan kisaran nilai semua stasiun 11,7246,63 mg/kg. Hasil analisis indeks komunitas menggambarkan terjadinya perubahan komunitas makrozoobentos di semua stasiun akibat tekanan lingkungan terutama di stasiun 2 yang cenderung lebih buruk nilainya dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya. Hal ini terlihat dari tingginya nilai skoring Family Biotic Index yang diperoleh. Akumulasi kandungan kromium di lingkungan perairan dan perubahan struktur komunitas makrozoobentos yang terjadi dapat disebabkan oleh adanya aktivitas pemanfaatan aliran sungai di sekitar Sungai Cimanuk Lama seperti kegiatan pertanian, perikanan, dan kegiatan industri batik rumahan. ABSTRACTThe residue of human activities and batik industrial waste water surrounding the river will be able to increase the accumulation of chromium and to disrupt macrozoobenthic communities in the river. The aims of this study was to assess the impact of human activities surrounding the river to the macrozoobenthic communities and the accumulation of chromium in Cimanuk Lama River, Indramayu District, West Java. The study has been conducted from AprilMay 2015 based on three times sampling at three different sampling stations. The result of this study shows that the chromium accumulated in the waters of all station still meet the standard quality ranging from 0,0100,016 mg/l, but only station 1 fulfills the standard quality for chromium accumulated in the river sediment with the range of all stations was about 11,7246,63 mg/kg. The results also show that the community index analysis describes the change of macrozoobenthic community at all stations caused by environmental pressure, especially at the station 2 which is indicated by the highest score of Family Biotic Index. The accumulation of the chromium in the waters and the change of macrozoobenthic community structure are mostly influenced by the use of the Cimanuk Lama river long for agricultural and fisheries activities, and also batik home industry.
The water and sediment caused by heavy metal has become a major problem in coastal areas. Heavy metals released into the water binds to particulate matter, accumulate into sediments and its predicted by the pollution assessment method. The aims of this research was to investigate the distribution and contamination levels of Pb in water and sediments of Bondet Estuary. Water and sediments samples were collected from four stations in September 2020. The monitoring data of water quality status, contamination factor (CF), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to provide a assessment of the Pb contamination. The concentration of Pb in water at all stations (0,024-0,031 mg/L) was higher than the standard surface water, with the status is lightly polluted (class B). CF index for all stations 1 ≤ CF <3 indicates moderate Pb contamination in the sediment, while Igeo for each station is <0, which means no contamination. Overall when referring to some guidelines for sediment standards, Pb concentrations at all stations were still below the standard value for sediment. This study provides a basis for assessing future conditions and risks, so that it can contribute to the management and evaluation of heavy metal contamination in the Bondet Estuary.
In coastal areas, mangrove communities have many functions economically, physically, and ecologically. One of the mangrove forest areas that is experiencing rapid decline in area is the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and composition of mangrove vegetation. Vegetation data was collected by purposive sampling method and each station was made 9 sampling plots. The results found that there are 12 species consisting of 4 major mangrove families, 1 minor mangrove family and 2 associated mangrove families. In general, the mangrove tree vegetation in the eastern part of Segara Anakan is dominated by Aegiceras corniculatum with an INP ranging from 38.99-67.23%, the middle part is dominated by Nypa fruticans with an INP ranging from 47.80-70.18% and the western part is dominated by Sonneratia alba with an INP of 56.32%. Environmental quality measures include water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, soil pH, water pH, TSS, total soil N, organic C, soil phosphate still support mangrove life.
Segara Anakan Lagoon is a unique and distinctive area where most of the ecosystem is dominated by mangrove ecosystems. Some fauna makes the ecosystem as a place for feeding ground, nursery ground and spawning ground for example macrozoobenthos. Its sessile nature makes the biota used as a bioindicator of an area. The Segara Anakan mangrove forest is currently under pressure due to the process of sedimentation and conversion of functions by residents. Therefore, this study aims to determine the interaction between the abundance of macrozoobenthos with environmental conditions. The research was carried out in July-September 2021 at the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap. The sampling method used is the Sample Survey Method with three stations determined purposively by describing different habitat conditions. Sampling was carried out on a monthly and the data obtained were analyzed by PCA. The results showed that the highest abundance of macrobenthos was found in the western part of the Segara Anakan mangrove forest. The value of macrozoobenthos abundance is influenced by TSS related to food availability. Furthermore, the quality of water and soil is still in accordance with the quality standards of marine life.Keywords: Environmental Characteristics; Macrozoobenthos; Mangrove; Segara Anakan
Ekosistem mangrove secara ekologis berperan sebagai spawning ground, nursery ground dan feeding ground berbagai macam organisme. Salah satu biota yang terletak pada ekosistem mangrove Segara Anakan adalah Gastropoda. Fauna ini memegang peranan penting dalam jaring-jaring makanan dan proses dekomposisi. Hutan mangrove Segara Anakan mengalami perubahan akibat faktor alami (sedimentasi) dan faktor antropogenik. Jika hal ini diabaikan tentu saja akan mempengaruhi pola distribusi dan preferensi habitat Gastropoda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi, kelimpahan, distribusi dan preferensi habitat Gastropoda pada hutan mangrove Segara Anakan, Cilacap. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2022 dengan periode pengambilan dua minggu sekali. Metode sampling yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling. Dua pemilihan lokasi berdasarkan perbedaan karakteristik yaitu : St A (bagian timur Segara Anakan, salinitas 10-20 ‰, kerapatan mangrove Rhizophora sp. rapat, dekat dengan pelabuhan) dan St B (bagian barat Segara Anakan, salinitas 5-10‰, kerapatan mangrove Rhizophora sp. jarang, dekat dengan pemukiman penduduk). Pada setiap stasiun penelitian ditentukan lima titik pengambilan sampel, setiap titik terdapat tiga plot pengambilan sampel. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan PCA (Principal Component Analysis). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh komunitas gastropoda pada St A sebanyak 8 famili dan St B 6 famili. Famili yang paling mendominasi pada kedua stasiun pengamatan yaitu Potamididae dan Neritidae. Kelimpahan tertinggi terdapat pada St B sebesar 290 ind/m2, sedangkan St A berjumlah 180 ind/m2. Pola distribusi gastropoda termasuk dalam kriteria mengelompok dan merata. Dari hasil analisis PCA kelimpahan Gastropoda berhubungan erat dengan kandungan oksigen terlarut. Hal ini terkait peran oksigen dalam pemenuhan respirasi dan dekomposisi bahan organik. Kata kunci : Gastropoda, Mangrove, Pola distribusi, Preferensi habitat, Segara Anakan
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