The study aimed to uncover the unobserved heterogeneity of the population in Mwanza and Kagera regions. The study examined if living in Mwanza region is more economically better and happier than living in Kagera region. The cross-sectional survey research used with the cross-sectional data from 211 individuals sampled randomly from 4 districts, Nyamagana and Misungwi from Mwanza region, and Bukoba and Muleba from Kagera region. The FIMIX-PLS used to analyse the data. The study found that the population of Mwanza and Kagera regions can be grouped into two mains classes which are class one with a lower annualised income below 1.5 TZS millions per capita and a lower mean score of fundamental psychological factors for happiness (FPFH) in comparing to the class two. The class two is characterised with a higher annualised income about 2.45 TZS millions per capita and a higher mean score of FPFH in comparing to class one. The study evidenced that respondents of Mwanza region have a higher annualised income and FPFH scores than respondents of Kagera region in each class. Therefore, the study concluded that living in Mwanza region is more economically better and happier than living in Kagera region. The study recommended the immigration to seek the economic opportunity and happiness, for example immigration from Kagera region to Mwanza region or nation to nation is encouraged. Moreover, further study recommended by using a panel data to attest the posed facts because this study limited to the cross-sectional data.
This research paper is focused on the exploration of the impediments to beneficial trade and their resultant market transaction arrangement in maize and rice. The study therefore was confined to the following three specific objectives to first, explore perceptions and experiences on the impediments to beneficial trade among rice and maize growers and their socioeconomic impacts for farmers and food security in the study area. Second, to identify production and marketing models and describe their structure, conduct and performance; and thirdly, to describe transaction costs and related impediments in the value added chain for both crops in Tanzania. Survey was done in three regions: Shinyanga region representing rice growing regions and Ruvuma and Iringa regions representing maize growing regions of Tanzania. The study involved a sample of 100 smallholder rice farmer traders and 131 maize farmer traders. This study adapted Williamsonian Transaction Costs Economics (TCE) approach (as applied in Pitelis (1993) and Furubotn et al. (2000) to identify market arrangements based on transaction costs of producing and trading in the two grain crops. Based on the observed farmers' perception and experiences with prevailing trade impediments, this study has proposed five stylized market arrangements referred to in this paper as Cereal Transaction Arrangements (CTAs). Each of these CTAs was found to have strengths and weaknesses-hence no single trade policy could be more appropriate across all CTAs. The paper recommends that the government should reduce transactions costs in CTA4 and also CTA5 which involve more progressive commercial farmers by putting in place pro-poor trade policies. Such transaction costs include cost of identifying weighing devices, constructing warehouses, corruption, levies and quantitative trade restrictions.
This paper aimed at assessing the effect of external quality assurance (EQA) on quality culture (QC) in higher education institutions in Tanzania. The study used explanatory design with quantitative approach. The population included higher education institutions (HEIs) located in Dar es Salaam region and a sample of 350 respondents was selected. Data were collected using survey questionnaires. Findings revealed that external quality assurance processes such as program accreditation, university accreditation, degree recognition, resources availability, and academic standards have different effects on quality culture in higher education institutions in Tanzania. The study concluded that HEIs in Tanzania have benefited from external quality assurance practices since they have allowed them to build quality culture. The study recommended that HEIs should comply with EQA in order to continuously improve their QC.
This paper aimed at assessing the effect of internal quality assurance on quality culture in higher education institutions in Tanzania. The hypothesis that the study intended to analyze is that internal quality assurance has no effect on quality culture. The study was designed using explanatory hypothesis-testing survey with quantitative approach. The study used a population of higher education institution in Tanzania and a sample from seven higher education institutions. The sample included 350 respondents from seven different higher education institutions in Tanzania. Data were collected using survey questionnaires and secondary data. Findings revealed that internal quality assurance mechanisms such as self evaluation, benchmarking, academic audit, peer review and external examination have an effect on quality culture in higher education institutions in Tanzania. The study concluded that internal quality assurance has an effect on quality culture in HEIs. The study recommends that internal quality assurance mechanisms should be supported by different stakeholders in order to assure involvement of commitment of staff and students in implementation of quality policies and quality programs in HEIs in Tanzania.
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