Tidal lakes are unique lakes because of the fluctuations of the water in the lake are influenced by the sea tides. Therefore, Tidal lakes are also called brackish lakes or salty lakes. Thus, the organisms that live in the lake must be able to adapt to the dynamics of brackish water changes. Therefore, the study of the biodiversity of flora and fauna is interesting to study related to organisms that are able to live and adapt to dynamic environments. This research was carried out in Siombak Lake, Medan City, North Sumatra Province from June to July 2018. The data collected were organisms in the form of flora (mangroves and aquatic plants) and fauna (ictiofauna or nekton which were fish, shrimp, crab, and mollusca). The results of research in the Siombak Lake ecosystem found 7 species of mangroves, 5 species of coastal plants, and 2 species of aquatic plant. Fauna found were 14 species of fish, 7 species of gastropods, and 1 species of bivalve, 1 species of shrimp and 1 species of crab.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, since December 2019, is a major health problem and concern worldwide. The pandemic has impacted various fields, from the social to the development of health science and technology. The virus has been mutating and thus producing several new variants, rushing research in the field of molecular biology to develop rapidly to overcome the problems that occur. Vaccine clinical studies are developing promptly with the aim of obtaining vaccines that are effective in suppressing the spread of the virus; however, the development of viral mutations raises concerns about the decreasing effectiveness of the resulting vaccine, which also results in the need for more in-depth studies. There have been 330 vaccines developed, including 136 clinical developments and 194 pre-clinical developments. The SARS-CoV-2 variant continues to evolve today, and it poses a challenge in testing the effectiveness of existing vaccines. This is a narrative review describing the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, development of vaccine platforms, identification of concerning mutations and virus variants in various countries of the world, and real-world monitoring of post-vaccination effectiveness and surveillance.
AbstrakKepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) merupakan salah satu spesies kunci dalam ekosistem mangrove yang memegang peranan yang sangat penting. Hutan mangrove yang ada di Kelurahan Belawan Sicanang sudah banyak mengalami konversi lahan seperti tambak dan pemukiman. Kondisi ini menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas habitat dan penurunan populasi untuk sumberdaya kepiting bakau akibat terjadinya kerusakan daerah asuhan dan mencari makan biota ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi ekologi mangrove, untuk mengetahui kelimpahan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata), untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) di Hutan Mangrove Kelurahan Belawan Sicanang Kecamatan Medan Belawan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian berlangsung pada Mei Juni 2016. Metode yang digunakan dalam penentuan lokasi adalah purposive sampling dan dibagi menjadi 3 stasiun berdasarkan aktivitas yang berbeda. Struktur populasi kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) ditinjau dari kelimpahan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata), hubungan lebar karapas dengan bobot tubuh, pola pertumbuhan, dan faktor kondisi. Kualitas habitat kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) dilihat dari kualitas air, tekstur substrat, Corganik, dan pasang surut. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) 16300 -17000 ind/ha, dengan pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif (b<3), faktor kondisi berkisar antara 0 1 yang tergolong ke dalam pipih atau tidak gemuk. Kualitas air dan substrat yang dikaji termasuk ke dalam kualitas air yang menunjang kehidupan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata), tekstur substrat yaitu lempung berpasir dan lempung liat berpasir, serta C-organik < 1% tergolong sangat rendah, dimana tipe pasang surutnya adalah mixed prevailing semidiurnal. Kata kunci: kepiting bakau; struktur populasi; kualitas air dan tanah AbstractMangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is one of the keystone species in the mangrove ecosystem, which had a very important role. Mangrove forests existed in Village Belawan Sicanang have been many experienced land conversion as embankment and settlements. These conditions led to degradation in habitat quality and population decline for mangrove crab due to the occurrence of the damage to the nursery ground and the feeding ground. The research aimed to determine abundance mangrove crabs and to determine the growth of mangrove crab. The research took place in May June 2016. The method used in the determination of the location is purposive sampling and divided into 3 stations based on different activities. The mangrove crab population structure in terms of the abundance of mangrove crab, carapace width relation with body weight, growth pattern, and factor condition. The quality habitat mangrove crab viewed the water quality, the substrate texture, C-organic, and tides. The results showed that the growth pattern was negative allometric (b < 3), factor condition ranges between 0 1 which classified into flat or not fat. The water quality and substrate were assessed included in the water quality that supported life mangrove...
Abstract. The study was conducted to determine the condition of the habitat and the diversity of fish in the watershed tambra. The higher diversity index (H ') was recorded in the Bahorok River with a value of 4.5 followed by Berkail River (3.45) and Landak River with a value of 2.46. Keywords : Biodiversity, nekton, Tor fish, fresh water crustaceaAbstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi habitat dan keragaman ikan di DAS Wampu. Pengukuran kondisi habitat dengan mengukur parameter suhu, kecerahan, kecepatan arus, kedalaman, DO, pH, jenis substrat, lebar dan lebar badan sungai. Jenis nekton ditangkap dengan alat backpack electrofishing units dimana arus listrik yang dihasilkan bersumber dari batere 15 volt dan 9 ampere. Kondisi habitat pada bagian hulu DAS Wampu yaitu bertipe substrat batu besar, kerikil, dan pasir dengan arus yang sedang -besar serta perairan yang jernih. Parameter fisika-kimia perairan di hulu DAS Wampu masih layak dan cocok untuk habitat ikan, kepiting dan udang. Selama penelitian nekton yang terkoleksi sebanyak 15 jenis ikan dan 1 jenis kepiting air tawar serta 1 jenis udang air tawar. Pada survei ini ditemukan dua jenis ikan Tor yakni T. soro, dan T. Tambra. Keanekaragaman (H') tertinggi terdapat pada Sungai Bahorok dengan nilai 4,5 diikuti Sungai Berkail dengan nilai 3,45, dan Sungai Landak dengan nilai 2,46. Kata kunci: Biodiversitas, nekton, ikan Tor, krustacea air PendahuluanSungai adalah perairan yang sangat dinamis, karena ada dimensi waktu yang berhubungan dengan arus dan berfluktuasi setiap saat (Gordon et al., 2004; Mihov dan Hristov, 2011). Lebih lanjut Muhtadi et al. (2014) menyebutkan sungai sebagai perairan yang terbuka, memiliki arus, terdapat perbedaan gradien lingkungan, serta masih dipengaruhi oleh daratan. Sungai merupakan habitat berbagai jenis organisme perairan termasuk, plankton, benthos maupun nekton (Odum, 1996;Gordon et al., 2004). Nekton merupakan organisme yang dapat berenang dan bergerak aktif, misalnya ikan dan udang, termasuk amfibi dan serangga air besar (Welch, 1954;Odum, 1996). Walaupun udang dan kepiting hidupnya umumya di dasar perairan, akan tetapi karena memiliki kemampuan melawan arus dan berenang bebas sehingga dapat dikategorikan sebagai nekton.Kondisi dan karakteristik habitat perairan termasuk kualitas air sangat berpengaruhi terhadap pola persebaran, keanekaragaman, kelimpahan ikan, udang dan kepiting (Simanjuntak, 2012a;
Susetya IE, Desrita, Ginting EDD, Fauzan M, Yusni E, Saridu SA. 2018. Diversity of bivalves in Tanjung Balai AsahanWaters, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1147-1153. Local and regional market demands for bivalves increase outsideTanjung Balai City and Asahan District Waters, North Sumatra, Indonesia. As a result, high exploitation of bivalves occurred. In theother hand, there were less comprehensive information and studies on the diversity of bivalves in this area. This study aimed todetermine the diversity of bivalves and water quality of Tanjung Balai Asahan Waters; was conducted between July 2016 and November2017. Sampling of bivalves was conducted monthly. Several physical and chemical parameters were quantified. Data analysis includedcommunity structure analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The result showed that there were 16 species of bivalves from7 families in Tanjung Balai Asahan Waters. Station 2 had the highest composition of bivalves, while the lowest was noted at Station 1.The mean abundance of bivalves at stations 1, 2 and 3 were 352±22 ind/m2, 222±14 ind/m2 and 388±30,2 ind/m2, respectively. Ingeneral, the index of diversity was categorized as low to moderate. The evenness index was categorized as low to high, while thedominance index indicated the absence of dominant species at almost all stations except station 1. Water quality of the waters was stillin capacity to support the life of bivalves. Based on PCA analysis, it was obtained that the abundance of bivalves was positivelycorrelated with nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, salinity, and pH.
Abstract. Rambey R, Susilowati A, Rangkuti AB, Onrizal O, Desrita, Ardhi R, Hartanto A. 2021. Plant diversity, structure and composition of vegetation around Barumun Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3250-3256. Watershed ecosystem plays an important role in water and soil conservation which is supported by vegetation around watershed. As such, vegetation analysis is beneficial to assess the current state of watershed vegetation and monitor future changes. Barumun Watershed, located in South Labuhanbatu District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, is under threat due to habitat degradation and land conversion for plantation and agriculture. This research aimed to investigate the diversity, structure and composition of vegetation in the Barumun River including its smaller streams (rivulets). Data were collected using a combination of line transect and quadratic plots arranged systematically. The total observation plots were 48 plots, consisting of 24 plots in Barumun River, 12 plots in Tasik Rivulet and 12 plots in Titi Kembar Rivulet. The results documented a total of 51 plants in the studied sites in Barumun Watershed in which 37 species were found in Barumun River, 20 species in Tasik Rivulet and 17 species in the Titi Kembar Rivulet. Plant species consisted of several habitus including herbs, palms, shrubs, climbers and trees. The trees consisted of 22 species (43.13%), herbs 22 species (43.13%), climbers 3 species (5.88%), shrubs two species (3.92%), and palm two species (3.92%). The highest Importance Value Index (IVI) for tree community was recorded in the Barumun River from Hevea brasiliensis (108.28), followed by Cryptocarya sp. (123.24) in the Titi Kembar Rivulet. In addition, the highest IVI for pole, sapling, seedling, and shrub was recorded from Muntingia calabura (Barumun River), Nauclea orientalis (Tasik Rivulet), Psychotria viridiflora (Tasik Rivulet), and Calamus axillaris (Titi Kembar Rivulet), respectively. The plant diversity in Barumun Watershed was categorized from low to moderate level of richness.
1. PendahuluanIkan lemeduk (Barbodes schwanenfeldii) merupakan ikan air tawar yang termasuk kedalam genus barbodes. Ikan lemeduk ini mempunyai sinonim nama seperti Barbonymorus schwanenfeldii, Barbus pentazone schwanenfeldii, Barbus schwanenfeldii, Puntius schwanenfeldii (Fishbase, 2014). Sedangkan untuk nama lokalnya sendiri ikan ini sering disebut ikan kapiek, lempam, lempem, lampam, tenadak dan tengadak.Ikan lemeduk mempunyai ciri-ciri seperti bentuk tubuh pipih melebar dengan badan berwarna perak dan kuning keemasan, sirip punggung berwarna merah dengan bercak hitam pada ujungnya, sirip dada, sirip perut dan sirip dubur berwarna merah, sirip ekor berwarna oranye atau merah dengan pinggiran garis hitam dan putih sepanjang cuping sirip ekor (Gambar 1). Garis rusuk dengan sisik garis rusuk 35-36, terdapat 13 sisik sebelum awal sirip punggun dan 8 sisik antara sirip punggung dan gurat sisi. Untuk distribusi penyebaran ikan lemeduk ini mulai dari Sumatera, Borneo, Malaya dan Indochina (Kottelat dan Whitten, 1993).Ikan lemeduk termasuk salah satu spesies ikan hasil utama dari Sungai Belumai dan dijadikan ikan konsumsi dengan harga yang relatif tinggi. Akibat dari harga ikan lemeduk yang tinggi membuat adanya kecenderungan aktivitas penangkapan ikan di sepanjang Sungai Belumai.Lambat laun kondisi ini akan membuat kemungkinan ikan akan mengalami penurunan populasi jika tidak segera dilakukan pengelolaan dan pengembangannya. Upaya optimalisasi penangkapan, pemanfaatan, serta pelestarian ikan lemeduk di Sungai belumai masih sangat minim karena masih kurangnya data dan informasi biologi perikanan suatu jenis ikan menyebabkan upaya pengelolaan ikan tersebut tidak optimal.Sebagai bentuk antisipasi maka penelitian mengenai pola pertumbuhan dari ikan ini sangat diperlukan. Karena pola Acta Aquatica Aquatic Sciences Journal AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan di Sungai Belumai Kabupaten Deli Serdang Provinsi Sumatera Utara pada Bulan Mei dan juni 2014 di empat lokasi yang berbeda dengan menggunakan metode sensus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aspek pertumbuhan (sebaran frekuensi panjang, hubungan panjang bobot, faktor kondisi dan koefisien pertumbuhan). Jumlah ikan lemeduk yang tertangkap adalah 55 ekor. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa populasi ikan didominasi oleh sebaran ukuran kelas panjang 174-194 mm. Hasil hubungan panjang berat menunjukkan bahwa pola pertumbuhan ikan bersifat allometrik negatif (b=2,565) dimana pertambahan panjang lebih cepat dibandingkan pertambahan berat. Nilai faktor kondisi ikan lemeduk (Barbodes schwanenfeldii) berkisar 0,946-1,059. Kata kunci: Sungai Belumai; pertumbuhan; Barbodes schwanenfeldii AbstractThis research was done in Belumai River Deli Serdang District North Sumatera Province. This research was conducted in May until June 2014 in four different locations by using census method. The purpose of this research is to know the aspect of growt (length frequency distribution, length-weight relationship, condition factor and growth coefficient). The number of lemeduk fish whic...
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