These findings could guide future investigations or public health initiatives to prevent and confront the childhood OB epidemic more efficiently.

Background/Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the relationship of adiponectin concentration with total dietary antioxidant capacity in free-living, apparently healthy adults from the ATTICA study. Subjects/Methods: A random subsample from the ATTICA study, consisting of 310 men (40±11 years) and 222 women (38 ± 12 years), was selected. Adiponectin, along with other inflammatory markers, was measured in fasting participants. Dietary habits were evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire and the dietary antioxidant capacity was based on published values of Italian foods measured by three different assays: ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameters (TRAP) and trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Results: Positive associations were observed between dietary antioxidant capacity and adiponectin concentration, as assessed with FRAP (b±s.e. ¼ 0.012±0.005, P ¼ 0.018 per 1 mmol Fe (II)/day), TRAP (b±s.e. ¼ 0.030±0.013, P ¼ 0.017 per 1 mmol trolox equivalent/day) and TEAC (b ± s.e. ¼ 0.025 ± 0.012, P ¼ 0.042, per 1 mmol trolox equivalent/day) in multiadjusted analysis. Moreover, a negative relation of dietary antioxidant indices with inflammatory markers was revealed. Conclusions: Diets with high antioxidant capacity are related to increased adiponectin levels. An adiponectin-mediated route through which antioxidant-rich foods exert beneficial effects against inflammation and cardiovascular diseases can be thus hypothesized.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between meat consumption and the prevalence of a first, non-fatal event of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in a Greek sample. Design: Randomized, case-control study. Setting: Tertiary care. Subjects: A total of 848 out of 956 patients who had been randomly selected from hospitals with first event of an ACS and 1078 population-based controls, age and sex matched. Interventions: Detailed information regarding their medical records, alcohol intake, physical activity and smoking habits was recorded. Nutritional habits were evaluated with a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis estimated the odds ratio of having ACS by level of meat intake, after taking into account several confounders. Results: Patients consumed higher quantities of meat compared with controls (6.572.9 vs 4.972.1 portions per month, Po0.001). Food-specific analysis showed that red meat consumption was strongly associated with 52% increased odds of ACS (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-1.58). On the contrary, white meat consumption seems to be associated with only 18% likelihood of having cardiac events (95% CI 1.11-1.26). Participants who consumed 48 portions red meat and 412 portions white meat per month had 4.9 times and 3.7 higher odds of having ACS, respectively (Po0.001), compared with low meat intake (o4 portions and o8 portions per month, respectively). Conclusions: Increased red meat consumption showed a strong positive association with cardiac disease risk, whereas white meat consumption showed less prominent results, after controlling for several potential confounding factors.

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In conclusion, the DAC and healthy dietary patterns were inversely associated with PAF or its biosynthetic enzymes, suggesting potential new mechanisms of the diet-disease associations.

Mortality in male AN patients was significantly elevated compared with the general population among only the patients with psychiatric co-morbidities. Specifically, the presence of alcohol and other substance use disorders was associated with more profound excess mortality.