Objective
Chronic periodontitis has been proposed to be linked to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the basis of itsinflammation mechanism. We aimed to evaluate this association by investigating the expression of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) in periodontal compartments, which contain dysbiosis-associated pathogenic bacteria, and how it can be directly or indirectly involved in exacerbating inflammation in periodontal tissue.
Material and Methods
This observational clinical study included 23 adult hospitalized patients admitted to Universitas Indonesia Hospital with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, while 6 non-COVID-19 participants come to periodontal clinic were included as control. Using real time-PCR (qPCR) and gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) samples from COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes and periodontitis, we assessed the mRNA expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), IL-6, IL8, complement C3, and LL37 as well as the relative proportion of Porphyromonas gingivalis , Fusobacterium nucleatum , and Veillonella parvula to represent the dysbiosis condition in periodontal microenvironment. All analyses were performed to determine their relationship.
Results
ACE2 mRNA expression was detected in the GCF of periodontitis-COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes. However, only periodontitis-COVID-19 patients with diabetes showed a positive relationship between ACE2 expression and inflammatory conditions in the periodontal microenvironment. In addition, the interplay between pro-inflammatory cytokine (Il-6) and complement C3 could be used as a predictor of the severity of periodontal inflammation in COVID-19 patients with diabetes.
Conclusion
The study data show that the SARS-CoV-2 entry gene is expressed in the GCF of patients with COVID-19, and its expression correlates with inflammatory markers.
AbstrakDominasi penyakit pada anak di Indonesia mulai bergeser dari penyakit akut menjadi penyakit kronis. Perawatan jarak jauh (home hospital) merupakan tren pada anak dengan penyakit kronis yang membutuhkan perawatan kontinu dalam waktu yang lama. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali potensi penerapan sistem mobile-health di Indonesia. Telaah literatur dari artikel ini didapatkan dari PubMed, CINAHL, dan Medline sejak tahun [2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014]. Mobile-health merupakan aplikasi yang menawarkan integrasi berbagai fungsi perawatan melalui penggunaan telepon pintar. Beberapa negara percontohan seperti Amerika Serikat, Swedia, dan Jepang telah membuktikan kontribusi mobilehealth dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan. Indonesia sejauh ini belum melakukan pengembangan mobile -health di berbagai layanan kesehatan. Penggunaan telepon pintar di Indonesia telah meluas untuk berbagai tujuan, sehingga aplikasi mobile -health untuk pelayanan keperawatan anak sangat mungkin dan mudah diterapkan. Perawat anak di Indonesia hendaknya mulai mengambil inisiatif untuk mengenali aplikasi program, melakukan riset, dan kolaborasi dengan beberapa profesi terkait agar dapat berkontribusi terhadap perbaikan pelayanan kesehatan di masa yang akan datang.
Background
The hospitalization of children during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their physical and mental health. Pediatric nurses have faced challenges in providing high-quality nursing care for children and their families. However, the pediatric nursing care recommendations for COVID-19 patients in the hospital setting remain unclear. The current scoping review provides recommendations for nursing interventions for pediatric COVID-19 patients in the hospital setting.
Methods and findings
The selected articles containing management and nursing recommendations for COVID-19 that have occurred in pediatric patients ages 0–19 years old. A search strategy was developed and implemented in seven databases. We included peer-reviewed articles that reported observational or interventional studies, as well as policy papers, guides or guidelines, letters and editorials, and web articles. A total of 134 articles and other documents relevant to this review were included. We categorized the results based on The Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) taxonomy which consists of six domains (e.g., Physiological: Basic); eleven classes (e.g., Nutrition Support); and eighteen intervention themes (e.g., Positioning, Family Presence Facilitation, Family Support, and Discharge Planning).
Conclusion
Apart from the intervention of physical problems, there is a need to promote patient- and family-centered care, play therapy, and discharge planning to help children and families cope with their new situation.
Peripheral intravenous line placement might lead to some risks and complications in low birth weight (LBW) infants including phlebitis, which shows varying percentages. This study aimed to analyze the causative factors of phlebitis among LBW infants in a perinatology ward. A total of 106 LBW infants who selected using a consecutive sampling technique were analyzed with cross-sectional method. Data were collected when LBW infants started receiving infusions until the infusion was stopped under certain conditions, using the Infusion Nurses Society (INS) phlebitis scale and the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) as the instrument. The variables related to phlebitis under bivariate analysis included the clinical experience of intravenous insertion, infusion pumps, site of insertion, neonatal birth weight, and the administration of total parenteral nutrition. The most significant risk factor of phlebitis was the nurses’ clinical experience of intravenous insertion (< 2 years). Therefore, the results of this study can be considered to improve the quality of nursing care in perinatology ward.
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