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The complex permittivity of a soil is a very much useful parameter in remote sensing applications. The measurement of complex permittivity of soil at various microwave frequencies can be related with the moisture content in the soil, which is useful in Agriculture, Hydrology and Meteorology. The complex dielectric spectra of dry and wet soil samples were measured in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 20 GHz. For this, various instruments and different methods were used. The complex permittivity of the soils, in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz, was measured using a precision LCR meter, and a newly designed and developed coaxial capacitor probe. The complex permittivity of the soils, in the frequency range from 75 MHz to 1.5 GHz, was measured using a Vector Network Analyzer. The complex permittivity of the soils at 5.65 GHz, 9.5 GHz and 19.3 GHz was measured using microwave bench set up. The results are presented in the paper.

The static dielectric constant (ε0) and optical dielectric constant (ε = n2) of binary mixtures of 1-Propanol (1-PrOH) with N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) of different concentrations, prepared by volume fractions (0.0, 0.1, . 1.0) are measured at 2 MHz using precision LCR meter and Abbes refractometer respectively at different temperatures. The excess dielectric constant (ε0)E, Kirkwood correlation parameters (geff, gF), Bruggeman parameter (fB) are evaluated. The variations of these parameters with concentration and temperature are discussed in terms of molecular interaction between the molecular species of constituting components in these mixtures.

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Dielectric response (ε', ε'') of nine different dry and water saturated sandstone samples of Rajasthan were measured in the frequency range 200MHz-20GHz. Result has been presented in the form of variation with frequency which showed characteristics features. The change observed in dielectric characteristic with water saturated sample is interpreted as existence of water molecules in free space of sandstones samples. The mechanisms that influence the dielectric values of sandstone are strongly dependent on the frequency of electromagnetic field. The ac conductivity, bulk density and porosity were also measured for dry and water saturated sandstone samples.

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