The present study was undertaken to explore the antihyperlipidemic effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Apium graveolens L. and its chloroform and aqueous basic fraction in olive oil induced hyperlipidemic rats. The antihyperlipidemic activity of Apium graveolens was compared with a standard drug Atrovastatin (50mg/kg). The study involved phytochemical screening and chromatographic studies of extract and fractions. The ethanolic extract and its fractions were administered orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in rats. Olive oil (5ml/kg oral dose) was administered 30 min after treatment. Blood was collected by ocular puncture 2 and 4 h after olive oil treatment and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15-20 min. Serum samples were further subjected to biochemical analysis. The study dose dependently inhibited the total cholesterol (TC) triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) level, and significantly increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of terpenoid, tannin, alkaloid, glycoside, flavanoid and sterols. UV λmax was found to be 206 nm with a melting point of 137-138°C for the isolated component. The antihyperlipidemic effect was evaluated in olive oil loaded rats. Acute treatment caused stimulatory effect on HDL level and inhibition in TC and TG elevation induced by olive oil.
Context: Salvadora indica Wight (Salvadoraceae) contains a number of medically beneficial properties including abrasives, astringents and antiseptics. Traditionally, it was used by ancient Arabs to whiten and polish teeth. Objective: This study explores the antihyperlipidemic and antitumor effects of an ethanol extract of S. indica and its isolated phytoconstituents in rodents. Material and methods: Flash chromatography was used for the isolation of phytoconstituents from the stems of S. indica. An antihyperlipidemic study was carried out in Triton loaded rats. Animal groups were given intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Triton WR 1339 at dose of 400 mg/ kg body weight (b.w.). Furthermore, antitumor activity was investigated in hybrid mice (of C57BL strain þ Swiss albino strain). The animals were observed for tumor growth after injection of B16F10 melanoma cells into the dorsal skin of mice. Results: The stems of S. indica yielded xanthotoxin and umbelliferone through chromatographic separation techniques. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation and showed antihyperlipidemic activity. The study showed significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) (p50.01), triglycerides (TGs) (p50.001), low-density lipoproteins (p50.01) level whereas increased in high-density lipoprotein (p50.01) at a significant level, after the treatment. Pretreatment with the extract and phytoconstituents also showed delayed tumor growth by increasing the volume doubling time (VDT) (p50.01), growth delay (GD) (p50.01) and mean survival time (p50.001). Discussion and conclusion: Acute treatment caused a stimulatory effect on high density lipoprotein level and inhibition in TC and TG elevation induced by Triton. Tumor regression studies showed a regression response for tumor growth in vivo of murine mouse melanoma as demonstrated by increasing the VDT and GD.
The anti-hyperlipidemic effect was evaluated in olive oil-loaded rats. Acute treatment caused stimulatory effect on HDL level and inhibition in TC and TG elevation induced by olive oil. The extract and water fraction showed protective action by increasing the HDL cholesterol level.
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