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A quem a correspondência deve ser enviada. Tipo AAA-Nanicão; o amido de Tipo AAB-Terra apresentou maior estabilidade de pasta. Na análise de difração de raios-X, os grânulos de bananas apresentaram padrão tipo B e C para Tipo AAA-Nanicão e Tipo AAB-Terra, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os amidos de AAA-Nanicão e AAB-Terra são estruturalmente distintos, justificando as respostas fisiológicas distintas encontradas posteriormente pelos mesmos autores. As distinções das propriedades físicas e bioquímicas obtidas para os grânulos, embora moderadas entre si e bastante distintas em relação ao amido de milho, não explicaram a alta resistência dos amidos das bananas à digestão enzimática. Os parâmetros obtidos nas análises permitiram, pela primeira vez avaliar as características e diferenças entre grânulos de amido de espécies distintas de banana e suas relações ao amido de milho.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO GRÂNULO DE AMIDO DE BANANAS ( AAA-NANICÃO E AAB-TERRA)amido de banana; amido resistente; hidrólise enzimática.
-(Polyphenolic cells and their interrelation with cotyledon cells in seven species of Theobroma (Sterculiaceae)). The amount of cotyledon polyphenolic cells varies extensively within the Theobroma species. The polyphenolic compounds of these cells play a protective role and furthermore have an important function in the development of chocolate flavour. The morphology of the polyphenolic cells of the mesophyll is described and the development of these idioblasts in Theobroma cacao L., T. subincanum Mart., T. obovatum Klotzsch ex Bernoulli, T. grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum., T. microcarpum Mart., T. bicolor Bonpl. and T. speciosum Willd. ex Spreng analysed. The total polyphenolic content in the seeds as determined by spectrophotometry showed a variation of about forty times. The alive, transparent polyphenolic cells are scattered throughout the cotiledonary mesophyll. However the polyphenolic cells of T. cacao and T. grandiflorum are also aligned perpendicularly with respect to the mesophyll borders and, in addition, both species display polyphenolic cells with a natural translucent purple colour. All the species analysed contained polyphenolic cells scattered throughout the parenchymal cells and also in a lengthwise association with vascular bundles. In T. bicolor and T. speciosum, the species with the lowest polyphenolic contents, these cells were mostly located around the vascular bundles. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, the polyphenolic cells demonstrated a complex cytoarchitecture, and after fixing with glutaraldhyde, the polyphenolic secretion was shown to remain as a single unit or was organized into round droplets. Transmission Electron Microscopy displayed immature plastids from young mesophyll cells containing eletron-dense deposits similar to phenolic substances, suggesting that Theobroma plastids are involved in the synthesis of phenolics.
Key words -cotyledon mesophyll cells, polyphenolic cells development, seed, Theobroma
RESUMO -(As células polifenólicas e as suas inter-relações com as células cotiledonares em sete espécies de Theobroma (Sterculiaceae)). A quantidade de células polifenólicas dos cotilédones das espécies de Theobroma variam extensivamente.Os compostos polifenólicos destas células além da função de proteção participam no desenvolvimento do aroma do chocolate. A morfologia das células polifenólicas do mesofilo é descrita e também é analisado o desenvolvimento dos idioblastos em T. cacao L., T. subincanum Mart., T. obovatum Klotzsch ex Bernoulli, T. grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum., T. microcarpum Mart., T. bicolor Bonpl. e T. speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. A quantidade de polifenóis totais determinada por espectrofotometria apresentou uma grande variação, cerca de 40 vezes entre T. cacao (variedade forastero). As células polifenólicas apresentam-se transparentes e dispersas pelo mesofilo cotiledonar. Em T. cacao e T. grandiflorum grande número de células estão alinhadas perpendicularmente à borda do mesofilo e apresentam coloração púrpura translúcida. En...
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