Polyphenolic cells and their interrelation with cotyledon cells in seven species of Theobroma (Sterculiaceae)

Martini, Maria Helena; Figueira, Antônio; Lenci, Camila Gonçalves; Tavares, Débora de Queiroz

doi:10.1590/s0100-84042008000300006

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…A study in loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica ) fruit at the breaker stage referred to similar structures within the plastids as “prolamellar-like bodies” (Fu et al 2012). A third study identified yet another comparable structure in plastids of Theobroma cacao cotyledon mesophyll plastids and hypothesized that they were polyphenol-rich bodies (Martini et al 2008). In fact, young apple fruits contain plastids with high levels of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) which has been shown to then accumulate in the vacuole in more mature apples (Murata et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative ultrastructure of fruit plastids in three genetically diverse genotypes of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) during development

et al. 2017

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Plastids are the defining organelle for a plant cell and are critical for myriad metabolic functions. The role of leaf plastid, chloroplast, is extensively documented; however, fruit plastids—chromoplasts—are poorly understood, especially in the context of the diverse metabolic processes operating in these diverse plant organs. Recently, in a comparative study of the predicted plastid-targeted proteomes across seven plant species, we reported that each plant species is predicted to harbor a unique set of plastid-targeted proteins. However, the temporal and developmental context of these processes remains unknown. In this study, an ultrastructural analysis approach was used to characterize fruit plastids in the epidermal and collenchymal cell layers at 11 developmental timepoints in three genotypes of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.): chlorophyll-predominant ‘Granny Smith’, carotenoid-predominant ‘Golden Delicious’, and anthocyanin-predominant ‘Top Red Delicious’. Plastids transitioned from a proplastid-like plastid to a chromoplast-like plastid in epidermis cells, while in the collenchyma cells, they transitioned from a chloroplast-like plastid to a chloro-chromo-amyloplast plastid. Plastids in the collenchyma cells of the three genotypes demonstrated a diverse array of structures and features. This study enabled the identification of discrete developmental stages during which specific functions are most likely being performed by the plastids as indicated by accumulation of plastoglobuli, starch granules, and other sub-organeller structures. Information regarding the metabolically active developmental stages is expected to facilitate biologically relevant omics studies to unravel the complex biochemistry of plastids in perennial non-model systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies performed on apple fruit plastids were used as a reference to annotate starch and plastoglobuli (Clijsters 1969; Kovacs and Eads 1999; Merzlyak and Chivkunova 2000). Osmiophilic bodies were identified based on prior studies in Theobroma and S. luteum (Martini et al 2008; Simpson et al 1975). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative ultrastructure of fruit plastids in three genetically diverse genotypes of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) during development

et al. 2017

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“…However, it is difficult to infer their place of synthesis, because although it is documented that this material is in close proximity to the mitochondria, it was not possible to observe a more solid relation between this organelle and the electron-dense material, as observed for the leucoplasts and the electron-opaque material. Moreover, there is current evidence for the synthesis of phenolic compounds only in the endoplasmic reticulum (Parham and Kaustinen, 1977;Zobel, 1986) and plastids (Martini et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory cells in Piper umbellatum (Piperaceae) leaves: A new example for the development of idioblasts

Marinho

Zacaro

Ventrella

2011

Flora

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a b s t r a c tThis work aims to investigate the origins and development of secretory cells in Piper umbellatum (L.) Miq. (Piperaceae) leaves as well as the course and the nature of their secretion. The results were compared with studies in oil-secreting cells of several species. Fully expanded fresh leaves were sectioned and subjected to different histochemical tests. Leaves in different developmental stages were fixed and processed for study under light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The secretory cells show mixed secretion made up of hydrophobic (oleoresin) and hydrophilic (phenolic compounds and alkaloids) compounds. Secretory cells originate either from the protodermis or the ground meristem. The growth of these cells occurs primarily by increasing the volume of the central vacuole, which corresponds to an extraplasmatic space connected to a protuberance of the wall. Electron-opaque compounds are observed initially in leucoplasts, while electron-dense compounds occur in small vesicles in the cytoplasm. Both are accumulated in the central vacuole which is already developed. Besides the mixed chemical nature of the secretion identified in secretory cells of P. umbellatum leaves, these secretory cells differ from those that have already been described mainly because of the development of the central vacuole prior to the accumulation of the secretion.

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“…The prepared sample was analysed with an optical microscopic, searching for lipid globules, pectic compounds, phenolics cells, starch grains and mucilage as described in the literature (Martini et al, 2008a;Martini et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Botanical Tissue Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic cocoa extract -loaded surfactant-based systems intended to skin bioadhesion

Fonseca-Santos

Funagoshi

Oliveira

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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This study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the physical-chemical stability, in vitro antioxidant activity and in vitro safety profile of liquid crystalline systems (LCS) and microemulsions (MEs) with and without organic cocoa (OC) extract. LCS stabilized by surfactant polyoxyethylene 20 cetyl ether, containing water and oleic acid were studied. LCS and MEs were characterized using polarized light microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, rheology and in vitro bioadhesion, and were evaluated for a period of 30 days by visual aspects, centrifuge test, pH value and relative density. PLM and SAXS assays showed the presence of domains of MEs, cubic and hexagonal mesophasephases, varying the proportions of the components of the formulations; where in the addition of the extract did not change rheological behavior of the formulations. All of the formulations were stable in the period analyzed and presented higher bioadhesive strength. In vitro antioxidant activity suggests that LCS and MEs presented a high capacity to maintain the antioxidant activity of OC extract. The results showed that the incorporation of OC in LCS improved the safety profile, according to cytotoxicity assays of systems may be a promising platform to OC extract for topical application for the potential treatment of skin disorders. Keywords:Liquid crystals/evaluation/physical-chemical stability. Microemulsions/evaluation. Surfactant-based system. Organic cocoa extract. Skin bioadhesion. INTRODUCTIONSkin is routinely exposed to stressful environmental factors such as pollutants and UV radiation. These factors produce a large number of aggressive oxidants that damage all of the biological skin cell membranes (Silva et al., 2010;Binic et al., 2013;Datta et al., 2011;Dupont, Gomez, Bilodeau, 2013). Accordingly, the use of skin care products and cosmetics has been utilized to mitigate the cutaneous photoaging process (Visscher, Pan, Kitzmiller, 2013) and these products are commonly composed of plant extracts (Binic et al., 2013).A great number of plants and plant extracts are studied for their antioxidative action arising from their phenolic substructures. Phenolic compounds are composed of an aromatic ring that is linked to a hydroxyl group, which donates electrons and hydrogen atoms. As a result, these compounds are exceptional antioxidants (Silva et al., 2010;Binic et al., 2013;Reuter, Merfort, Schempp, 2010).Cocoa, the dried and fermented seeds derived from Theobroma cacao, has been consumed since 1100 B.C. by ancient civilizations such as the Mayans and Aztecs (Hurst et al., 2002). Cocoa contains high amounts of the flavonoids (−)-epicatechin (EC) and (+)-catechin, and procyanidins B2 and B1. Additionally, other polyphenols such as quercetin, isoquercitrin (quercetin 3-O-glucoside), quercetin 3-O-arabinose, hyperoside (quercetin 3-O-galactoside), naringenin, luteolin, and apigenin have also been found in cocoa in minor quantities (Sánchez-Rabaneda et al., 2003). While the natural amount B. Fonseca-Santos, E. E. Funagoshi, J. R. S. Olivei...

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Polyphenolic cells and their interrelation with cotyledon cells in seven species of Theobroma (Sterculiaceae)

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Comparative ultrastructure of fruit plastids in three genetically diverse genotypes of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) during development

Comparative ultrastructure of fruit plastids in three genetically diverse genotypes of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) during development

Secretory cells in Piper umbellatum (Piperaceae) leaves: A new example for the development of idioblasts

Organic cocoa extract -loaded surfactant-based systems intended to skin bioadhesion

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