A single-chip GPS receiver for GSM and CDMA handsets, designed to provide location identification feature, is described in this paper. This receiver uses a low-IF RF-front-end, that includes an LNA, image rejection using IQ mixers and passive poly-phase filter, and a fully integrated synthesizer. The IF-strip consists of a jammer-reject filter, a VGA, delta-sigma ADC and a digital IF-filter. An attempt is made to minimize the number of external components and have only a single pre-select filter between the antenna and the IC. In the absence of any SAW filter, the ability of the receiver to tolerate jammers is very critical, due to the vicinity of the transmitter of the handset. The receiver works in the GPS L-1 band at 1575.42MHz, which carries the C/A code.Recently, there has been an increased level of interest in GPS receivers [1][2][3]. A very low-power CMOS implementation, that uses a 2b quantizer and external loop-filters for its synthesizer and AGC, is reported in [2]. The receiver discussed in [4] uses a SAW filter for the IF filtering and an external loop-filter for the synthesizer.This chip uses an IF of 4.092MHz. Direct conversion and low-IF are the most popular wireless receiver architectures today. Direct conversion avoids the problem of image frequency, but issues associated with low-frequency noise, DC offset and LO-leakage make its implementation extremely difficult. Frequency planning of the proposed receiver is chosen to keep the reference clock harmonics and any wireless transmissions far away from the signal and image bands. Hence the primary requirement on image rejection is to reject the thermal noise in the image-band, and a relatively low image-rejection of 15dB can preserve the in-band SNR. A pre-select filter is required to keep the out-of-band signals from blocking the receiver. The block diagram of the receiver is shown in Fig. 17.1.1. The receiver uses no off-chip component, other than a crystal for reference clock and supply-decoupling capacitors. Except for the LNA, the entire receiver uses differential signal processing to improve immunity to supply and substrate disturbances.The LNA has single-ended input and differential output. Pinout is selected to isolate the RF signals from other package coupling. LNA uses tuned load designed with spiral inductors for improved linearity and NF. The LNA output is applied to two double-balanced mixers through capacitors used for AC coupling and matching. These two mixers perform down-conversion using I and Q components of LO. Subsequently, the IF-chain performs filtering and further amplification. The linearity of GPS signal in the presence of cellular-band jammers is one of the key performance parameters of this front-end.The first block in the IF-chain is a second-order regulated cascode stage. This filter rejects the out-of-band jammers, that are at least 140MHz away from GPS band. This block also provides lownoise amplification of the IF signal. The amplification in this stage comes from ratio of resistors and hence the required IQ balance ...
A highly integrated dual conversion heterodyne GPS receiver is reported. The receiver chip includes a 2.9dB NF LNA, an image-reject mixer with 32dB image rejection. The on-chip IF chain, which consists of a VGA, a Znd mixer and filtering, has a maximum gain of 83dB, a gain range of 45dB and a 7dB NF. A 4-bit ADC is integrated on chip for enhanced SNR. The PLL with its VCO are also integrated. The total NF is 3dB with a total 121dB voltage gain. The chip consumes 132mW at 2. 7%'.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.