Electrophysiological characterization can differentiate ARVD from RVOT. The finding of abnormalities on MRI does not have any bearing on arrhythmia mechanism, acute or long-term success of RFA.

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Background The relationship between mitral valve prolapse ( MVP ) and sudden cardiac death ( SCD ) remains controversial. In this systematic review, we evaluate the relationship between isolated MVP and SCD to better define a potential high‐risk subtype. In addition, we determine whether premortem parameters could predict SCD in patients with MVP and the incidence of SCD in MVP . Methods and Results Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed and Embase for all English literature articles published between 1960 and 2018 regarding MVP and SCD or cardiac arrest. We also identified articles investigating predictors of ventricular arrhythmias or SCD and cohort studies reporting SCD outcomes in MVP . From 2180 citations, there were 79 articles describing 161 cases of MVP with SCD or cardiac arrest. The median age was 30 years and 69% of cases were female. Cardiac arrest occurred during situations of stress in 47% and was caused by ventricular fibrillation in 81%. Premature ventricular complexes on Holter monitoring (92%) were common. Most cases had bileaflet involvement (70%) with redundancy (99%) and nonsevere mitral regurgitation (83%). From 22 articles describing predictors for ventricular arrhythmias or SCD in MVP , leaflet redundancy was the only independent predictor of SCD . The incidence of SCD with MVP was estimated at 217 events per 100 000 person‐years. Conclusions Isolated MVP and SCD predominantly affects young females with redundant bileaflet prolapse, with cardiac arrest usually occurring as a result of ventricular arrhythmias. To better understand the complex relationship between MVP and SCD , standardized reporting of clinical, electrophysiological, and cardiac imaging parameters with longitudinal follow‐up is required.

AEF complicating atrial fibrillation ablation is associated with a high mortality. Clinicians should have a high suspicion for the development of AEF in patients presenting with infective, neurological, gastrointestinal, or cardiac symptoms within 2 months of an atrial fibrillation ablation. Investigation by contrast computed tomography of the chest with consideration of repeat testing can lead to prompt diagnosis. Surgical intervention is associated with improved survival rates.

Levels of analysis perform an important function in framing research and practice in human resource development (HRD). The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of HRD from the individual, organizational, and community-societal levels of analysis. The article highlights both the distinctiveness and usefulness of each level of analysis, identifies tensions within and between them, and outlines differences in underpinning assumptions, characteristics of HRD provision, and delivery of HRD interventions. By adopting this approach, the article draws attention to variations in meaning, intent, content, and practice with implications for developing both the theory and practice of HRD.

In this theoretical, empirical and occasionally speculative paper we argue that human interaction is the critical source of intangible value in the intellectual age. This argument is supported with some perceptual evidence on the dimensions of intellectual capital (IC) from the Irish ICT sector. Key findings are that almost two thirds of organizational value is perceived to be intellectual and that half of this IC value is perceived to stem directly from the people dimension. Drawing on the system/lifeworld distinction in Habermas’ Theory of Communicative Action we claim that the dominant tenets of market and hierarchy are changing in both nature and scope in an increasingly knowing‐intensive economy. We argue strongly that these tenets must be complemented with ideas of community and lifeworld that place human interaction at the center of a more enlightened economic and social equation.

Much remains unknown in the increasingly important field of e-learning in organizations.Drawing on a large-scale survey of employees (N = 557) who had opportunities to participate in voluntary e-learning activities, the factors influencing participation in e-learning are explored in this empirical paper. It is hypothesized that key variables derived from the theories of planned behaviour and instructional design -general-person characteristics, motivation to learn, general and task-specific self-efficacy, situational barriers and enablers, and instructional design characteristics -will predict participation in e-learning. Using structural equation modelling, we find statistical support for the overall theoretical model proposed. We discuss the implications for practice.

The optimal follow-up and long-term programming of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices are uncertain. The aim of this study was to quantify the temporal variations in programming parameters to optimize the follow-up of these devices. Before, during, and at specified intervals over 9 months after implant, 40 recipients of CRT devices were studied. At each visit, the patients were tested with a fixed sequence of stimulation parameters during echocardiographic and electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings. The optimal AV delay and inter-ventricular delays (V-V) were determined according to echocardiographic criteria. The echocardiographic data were, in turn, compared with the ECG recordings. Among the 40 patients, the optimal stimulation parameters remained unchanged throughout the follow-up in only three patients. In 18 patients, adjustments were required at each follow-up sessions. There was a trend toward reduction in the left ventricular (LV) predominance of the optimal V-V delay and an increase in the AV delay during follow-up. The mean optimal V-V delay at implant was 22 ms (-12 to +32 ms) with the LV activated first, versus 12 ms (-16 to +32 ms) at 9 months. The mean AV delay at implant was 115 ms versus 137 ms at 9 months. Individual changes could not be accurately predicted. The optimal stimulation parameters for CRT vary over time. Detailed, regular reevaluations, and reprogramming of optimal parameters may be appropriate.