Frente a los cambios en el “mundo del trabajo” contemporáneo cuestiones como globalización, desreglamentación, (des)empleo, precarización, entre otras, hacen parte de las preocupaciones de investigadores y profesionales. En ese contexto emergen cuestionamientos sobre la centralidad del trabajo en sus dimensiones social y psicológica, así como los procesos de significación a él asociados. Este artículo presenta y analiza los principales abordajes teóricos identificados en las literaturas internacional y brasileña en el campo de la Psicología que tratan de los significados y de los sentidos, en particular aquellos atribuidos al trabajo. Entre las diferentes bases epistemológicas que dan soporte a los estudios actuales fueron identificadas las siguientes: cognitivista, construccionista, socio-histórica, existencialista y estudios culturales. Las conclusiones explicitan que los conceptos todavía carecen de mayor precisión, de modo que diferentes autores muchas veces adoptan significados y sentidos del trabajo como si ambos fueran el mismo fenómeno.
Os significados do trabalho em unidades de terapia intensiva de dois hospitais brasileirosThe meanings of working in intensive care unities of two Brazilian hospitals
This article aimed to check the association between clinical and epidemiological predictors of sick leave due to mental and behavioral disorders in public servants. Two databases were used: one epidemiological, with demographic and occupational data of public servants from Santa Catarina, enabling prevalence calculations for this population; one clinical, with results from three instruments in a representative sample of 822 servants. The prevalence of epidemiological variables from each sample servant has been associated with their clinical scores (obtained by the instruments), allowing comparisons between clinical and epidemiological predictions. As a result, it was found that regression models covering both clinical and epidemiological variables have explained larger parts of the outcomes’ range (reaching 60.7% of benefits granted). It is concluded, finally, that although psychology and epidemiology are distinct sciences, their remarkable contributions to health complement each other. Such articulation is rare in literature and enhances the psychological tradition of clinical studies. Therefore, it enriches the field in order to promote and protect mental health, as well as to prevent mental disorders, in work environments.
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