Large-scale failures of electric power systems (blackouts) have been the subject of intensive research in most countries for several years. This research aims primarily at seeking solutions to improve the reliability of the operation of power systems and the development of effective strategies to protect critical infrastructure from the effects of energy shortages and power cuts. In contrast, systematic research on crisis management and civil protection under conditions of prolonged blackout has been undertaken in Europe only recently, and these extremely important aspects of energy security have been delayed by the COVID-19 crisis. The ability of the Polish crisis management system to cope with the consequences of long-term, large-scale shortages and interruptions in the supply of electricity, as well as the consequences of possible failures in this field, has not been systematically examined to date. This issue is of growing strategic importance, not only from the point of view of security and defence policy, but also economic cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe. Poland’s infrastructural security must be considered in a broad regional and supra-regional context. A long-term lack of electricity in a large area of Poland would undermine the stability of the entire national security system, destabilising the region and supranational security systems. Apart from objective reasons, intentional attacks on the links of such a chain cannot be ruled out. Poland is the leader of this region, a frontline country in the NATO-Russia conflict, as well as a liaison state that provides the Baltic states—being EU and NATO members—with a land connection to Western Europe. In view of the growing risk of blackout, the importance of the problem and the existence of a cognitive gap in this field, we evaluated the Polish crisis management system in terms of its ability to respond to the effects of a sudden, long-term, large-scale blackout. Methodologically, we adopted a systems approach to security management. In order to estimate the consequences of a blackout, we used analogue forecasting tools and scenario analysis. By analysing previous crisis situations caused by blackouts and local conditions of vulnerability to such events, we formulated basic preparedness requirements that a modern crisis management system should meet in the face of the growing risk of blackouts. A review of strategic documents and crisis planning processes in public administration allowed us to identify deficits and weaknesses in the Polish crisis management system. On this basis we formulated recommendations whose implementation shall improve the ability of the national security system to face such challenges in the future.
In this paper, simulation research results of PMSM drive with open phase fault detection are presented. Proposed fault detection system is implemented using two artificial neural networks. One of them is neural model of healthy PMSM and another one generates diagnostic signals. When the fault occurs, the amplitude of current residuals increases and evaluation system returns diagnosis. In proposed system detection time is about 1 ms. Moreover, diagnosis does not depend on load state. Streszczenie. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań symulacyjnych napędu PMSM z detekcją przerwy fazy. Proponowany system detekcji uszkodzeń zaimplementowano z użyciem dwóch sztucznych sieci neuronowych. Jedna z nich pełni rolę modelu neuronowego sprawnego PMSM, natomiast druga generuje sygnały diagnostyczne. W przypadku wystąpienia uszkodzenia amplituda residuów prądów wzrasta, a system ewaluacji zwraca diagnozę. Czas detekcji w przedstawionym układzie jest rzędu 1 ms. Ponadto działanie systemu nie zależy od stanu obciążenia (Detekcja uszkodzeń w napędzie z PMSM przy użyciu Sztucznej Sieci Neuronowej).
Publikacja fi nansowana przez NCBR w ramach projektu "Zintegrowany system budowy planów zarządzania kryzysowego w oparciu o nowoczesne technologie informatyczne"
W artykule autorzy zbadali znaczenie wybranych państw da bezpieczeństwa militarnego RP. Zaproponowana metodyka tej oceny jest podejściem nowatorskim, niestosowanym do tej pory w materiałach analitycznych, co stanowi interesujący głos w piśmiennictwie związanym z bezpieczeństwem. Analizie poddano czynniki materialne i niematerialne, militarne i niemilitarne. Analiza wybranych państw z otoczenia RP pozwoliła na stworzenie rankingu państw (wg siła oddziaływania na arenie międzynarodowej). Ponadto wykazano, że przewaga militarna i materialna nie jest gwarantem silnej pozycji państwa a obecnie to strategiczna wola polityczna odgrywa decydującą rolę w zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa militarnego.
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