This study investigates the initial development of two Cerrado species, Eugenia dysenterica and Byrsonima basiloba. Both species have high ethnobotanical importance and are widely used as a food source as well as in folk medicine. Eugenia dysenterica presented hypogeous cryptocotylar germination and the cotyledons were rich in reserve material. This plant species showed quick root development and after the shoot had produced the first two pairs of eophyls, the seedling went into a latent state for at least 1 year. Byrsonima basiloba had a hard endocarp, which had to be broken to facilitate germination. This species showed epigeous phanerocotylar germination. Similarly to E. dysenterica, B. basiloba roots also developed rapidly; however, the aerial part grew continuously and did not show a latent period. Moreover, within the first 6 months of cultivation B. basiloba developed a xylopodium. The strategies for seed dispersal and breakage of seed dormancy were different between the species, but their initial growth showed several similarities.

The frequencies of mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide-induced kidney and gill erythrocyte micronuclei were compared in Tilapia rendalli and Oreochromis niloticus. Cyclophosphamide (CP) and mitomycin C (MMC) were previously used to investigate fish sensitivity to micronuclei induction in kidney erythrocytes. Fish were treated with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg) or mitomycin C (2 mg/kg). Peripheral blood samples and kidney blood samples were obtained, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 15 days after the intra-abdominal injection of MMC. T. rendalli showed to be more sensitive than O. niloticus to micronuclei production. Both compounds were used at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and mitomycin C proved to be more toxic than cyclophosphamide. The frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes observed varied significantly among the treated individuals. The difference between the kidney and gill micronuclei frequencies was not significant. Higher levels of micronucleated erythrocytes were observed in Tilapia rendalli than in O. niloticus. T. rendalli produced erythrocytes with deformed nuclei, which O. niloticus did not.

Abstract

Although Brosimum gaudichaudii Tréc. occurs in the Amazon and Atlantic forests, it is the only species of the genus Brosimum found in the Cerrado vegetation. Its roots contain high levels of psoralens. Compared with the wood of stems, the rootwood has more parenchyma and fibers with thinner walls. The stems and their respective piths were naturally 'grafted' into the xylopodium. Xylopodium wood has aberrant parenchyma zones and wood cells orientated in several directions. Xylopodium wood has a stem structure in the superior regions, but a root structure in the inferior parts. Furthermore, laticifers were found in xylopodium wood. Starch is present in the roots, but not in the stems, except for the two plants whose subterranean systems had signs of predatory attack

No abstract

Brosimum gaudichaudii Tréc. occurs in the Atlantic and Amazon forests, and is the only species of Brosimum commonly found in Cerrado vegetation. It is of pharmaceutical interest due to the large accumulation of furocoumarins such as psoralens in the bark of roots and xylopodia. This work describes the bark anatomy of sterns, roots, and xylopodia. Although the external bark morphology of stern and subterranean system are different, anatomically they are similar, with both having wavy and fused rays at the outer region of the phloem and a gradual transition between pervious (non-collapsed) and collapsed phloem. Tbe stern and bark periderms have three to seven layers of cells. The bark of younger stern regions is different from the bark of older parts of the stern. Younger stern parts have higher abundance of laticifers in the phloem, and gelatinous fibers arranged in bundles. Compared with the younger regions, older sterns have fewer laticifers and the gelatinous fibers are scattered in the phloem. The root and the xylopodium bark are structurally similar to each other, with a higher abundance of laticifers than sterns. Starch was found in the roots, but not in sterns.

RESUMO:O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial organogenético de entrenós, discos foliares, e raízes de Brosimum gaudichaudii utilizando 12 diferentes combinações dos fitorreguladores 6-benzilaminopurina e ácido naftaleno acético, em meio MS (diluído à metade), sólido (6,5 g de ágar), e com 20 g.L -1 de sacarose. Independentemente das combinações hormonais testadas verificou-se a formação de calos friáveis (2 a 20 mm de diâmetro) em 90% dos entrenós usados como explantes. No entanto, os tratamentos testados não foram capazes induzir calos ou gemas em raízes e em discos foliares. O estudo anatômico revelou a formação de meristemóides nas regiões mais externa e mais interna dos calos. Os resultados obtidos poderão servir de base para novos testes de indução de calos na espécie.Palavras-chaves: ANA, BAP, regeneração in vitro.. ABSTRACT: In vitro cultivation of Brosimum gaudichaudii Tréc. (Moraceae).The objective of this research was to evaluate the organogenic potential of internodes, leaf discs and roots of Brosimum gaudichaudii using 12 different combinations of the plant growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine and naphthalene acetic acid in MS medium (half strength), solid medium (6.5 g agar) and sucrose medium (20 g.L -1 ). Regardless the hormonal combination tested, we observed the formation of friable calluses (2 -20 mm wide) in 90% of the internode explants. However, the treatments were not able to induce callus or buds on roots and leaf discs. The anatomical analysis revealed meristemoid formation in the outer and inner regions of the calluses. The results may serve as the basis for further testing of callus induction in this species.

Pre-employment medical tests, considered to be a practice within the subspecialty of occupational medicine, are ordered by physicians on behalf of employers. Candidates for a job may be rejected if they are found to suffer from a condition that can be worsened by the job, or one that may put other workers at risk. As the physician who orders pre-employment tests is chosen by the employer, pre-employment tests can violate both the autonomy and the privacy of the individual. This paper discusses ethical conflicts inherent in pre-employment medical testing.